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<h2 class="likechapterHead"><a href="#x1-1000" id="x1-1000">Nội dung</a></h2>
<div class="tableofcontents"><span class="chapterToc">1 <a href="#x1-20001" id="QQ2-1-2">Introduction</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">1.1 <a href="#x1-30001.1" id="QQ2-1-3">Terminologies</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">1.2 <a href="#x1-40001.2" id="QQ2-1-4">Supported Versions</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">1.3 <a href="#x1-50001.3" id="QQ2-1-5">Official Sources</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">1.3.1 <a href="#x1-60001.3.1" id="QQ2-1-6">Binary Distribution Sources</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">1.3.2 <a href="#x1-70001.3.2" id="QQ2-1-7">Links to Source Code</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">1.3.3 <a href="#x1-80001.3.3" id="QQ2-1-8">Translations</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">1.4 <a href="#x1-90001.4" id="QQ2-1-9">Contributing</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">1.4.1 <a href="#x1-100001.4.1" id="QQ2-1-10">Build Instructions</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">1.4.2 <a href="#x1-110001.4.2" id="QQ2-1-11">Submitting patches</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">1.5 <a href="#x1-120001.5" id="QQ2-1-12">Donation & Funding</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">1.6 <a href="#x1-130001.6" id="QQ2-1-13">Contact</a></span><br /> <span class="chapterToc">2 <a href="#x1-140002" id="QQ2-1-14">Pages</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.1 <a href="#x1-150002.1" id="QQ2-1-15">Main Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.1.1 <a href="#x1-160002.1.1" id="QQ2-1-16">Batch Operations</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.1.2 <a href="#x1-170002.1.2" id="QQ2-1-17">Colour Codes</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.1.3 <a href="#x1-180002.1.3" id="QQ2-1-18">Application Types</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.1.4 <a href="#x1-190002.1.4" id="QQ2-1-19">Version Info</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.1.5 <a href="#x1-200002.1.5" id="QQ2-1-20">Options Menu</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.1 <a href="#x1-210002.1.5.1" id="QQ2-1-21">Instructions</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.2 <a href="#x1-220002.1.5.2" id="QQ2-1-22">List Options</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.3 <a href="#x1-250002.1.5.3" id="QQ2-1-25">1-Click Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.4 <a href="#x1-260002.1.5.4" id="QQ2-1-26">App Usage</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.5 <a href="#x1-270002.1.5.5" id="QQ2-1-27">System Config</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.6 <a href="#x1-280002.1.5.6" id="QQ2-1-28">Running Apps</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.7 <a href="#x1-290002.1.5.7" id="QQ2-1-29">APK Updater</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.8 <a href="#x1-300002.1.5.8" id="QQ2-1-30">Profiles</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.9 <a href="#x1-310002.1.5.9" id="QQ2-1-31">Termux</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.1.5.10 <a href="#x1-320002.1.5.10" id="QQ2-1-32">Settings</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.2 <a href="#x1-330002.2" id="QQ2-1-33">App Details Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.2.1 <a href="#x1-340002.2.1" id="QQ2-1-34">Colour Codes</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.2.2 <a href="#x1-350002.2.2" id="QQ2-1-35">App Info Tab</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.2.1 <a href="#x1-360002.2.2.1" id="QQ2-1-36">General Information</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.2.2 <a href="#x1-370002.2.2.2" id="QQ2-1-37">Horizontal Action Panel</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.2.3 <a href="#x1-380002.2.2.3" id="QQ2-1-38">Options Menu</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.2.4 <a href="#x1-390002.2.2.4" id="QQ2-1-39">Termux</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.2.3 <a href="#x1-400002.2.3" id="QQ2-1-40">Component Tabs</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.3.1 <a href="#x1-410002.2.3.1" id="QQ2-1-41">Activities</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.3.2 <a href="#x1-420002.2.3.2" id="QQ2-1-42">Services</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.3.3 <a href="#x1-430002.2.3.3" id="QQ2-1-43">Receivers</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.3.4 <a href="#x1-440002.2.3.4" id="QQ2-1-44">Providers</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.3.5 <a href="#x1-450002.2.3.5" id="QQ2-1-45">Additional Features for Rooted Phones</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.2.4 <a href="#x1-480002.2.4" id="QQ2-1-48">Permission Tabs</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.4.1 <a href="#x1-490002.2.4.1" id="QQ2-1-49">App Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.4.2 <a href="#x1-500002.2.4.2" id="QQ2-1-50">Uses Permissions</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.2.4.3 <a href="#x1-510002.2.4.3" id="QQ2-1-51">Permissions</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.2.5 <a href="#x1-520002.2.5" id="QQ2-1-52">Signatures Tab</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.2.6 <a href="#x1-530002.2.6" id="QQ2-1-53">Other Tabs</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.3 <a href="#x1-540002.3" id="QQ2-1-54">1-Click Ops Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.3.1 <a href="#x1-550002.3.1" id="QQ2-1-55">Block/Unblock Trackers</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.3.2 <a href="#x1-560002.3.2" id="QQ2-1-56">Block Components…</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.3.3 <a href="#x1-570002.3.3" id="QQ2-1-57">Set Mode for App Ops…</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.4 <a href="#x1-580002.4" id="QQ2-1-58">Profiles Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.4.1 <a href="#x1-590002.4.1" id="QQ2-1-59">Options Menu</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.5 <a href="#x1-600002.5" id="QQ2-1-60">Profile Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.5.1 <a href="#x1-610002.5.1" id="QQ2-1-61">Options Menu</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.5.2 <a href="#x1-620002.5.2" id="QQ2-1-62">Apps Tab</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.5.3 <a href="#x1-630002.5.3" id="QQ2-1-63">Configurations Tab</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.1 <a href="#x1-640002.5.3.1" id="QQ2-1-64">Comment</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.2 <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2" id="QQ2-1-65">State</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.3 <a href="#x1-660002.5.3.3" id="QQ2-1-66">Users</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.4 <a href="#x1-670002.5.3.4" id="QQ2-1-67">Components</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.5 <a href="#x1-680002.5.3.5" id="QQ2-1-68">App Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.6 <a href="#x1-690002.5.3.6" id="QQ2-1-69">Permissions</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.7 <a href="#x1-700002.5.3.7" id="QQ2-1-70">Backup/Restore</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.8 <a href="#x1-710002.5.3.8" id="QQ2-1-71">Export Blocking Rules</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.9 <a href="#x1-720002.5.3.9" id="QQ2-1-72">Disable</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.10 <a href="#x1-730002.5.3.10" id="QQ2-1-73">Force-stop</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.11 <a href="#x1-740002.5.3.11" id="QQ2-1-74">Clear Cache</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.12 <a href="#x1-750002.5.3.12" id="QQ2-1-75">Clear Data</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.13 <a href="#x1-760002.5.3.13" id="QQ2-1-76">Block Trackers</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.5.3.14 <a href="#x1-770002.5.3.14" id="QQ2-1-77">Backup APK</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.6 <a href="#x1-780002.6" id="QQ2-1-78">Settings Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.1 <a href="#x1-790002.6.1" id="QQ2-1-79">Language</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.2 <a href="#x1-800002.6.2" id="QQ2-1-80">App Theme</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.3 <a href="#x1-810002.6.3" id="QQ2-1-81">Mode of Operation</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.4 <a href="#x1-820002.6.4" id="QQ2-1-82">Usage Access</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.5 <a href="#x1-830002.6.5" id="QQ2-1-83">APK Signing</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.5.1 <a href="#x1-840002.6.5.1" id="QQ2-1-84">Signature schemes</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.6 <a href="#x1-850002.6.6" id="QQ2-1-85">Rules</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.6.1 <a href="#x1-860002.6.6.1" id="QQ2-1-86">Instant Component Blocking</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.6.2 <a href="#x1-870002.6.6.2" id="QQ2-1-87">Import/Export Blocking Rules</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.6.3 <a href="#x1-930002.6.6.3" id="QQ2-1-93">Remove all rules</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.7 <a href="#x1-940002.6.7" id="QQ2-1-94">Installer</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.7.1 <a href="#x1-950002.6.7.1" id="QQ2-1-95">Show users in installer</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.7.2 <a href="#x1-960002.6.7.2" id="QQ2-1-96">Sign APK</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.7.3 <a href="#x1-970002.6.7.3" id="QQ2-1-97">Install location</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.7.4 <a href="#x1-980002.6.7.4" id="QQ2-1-98">Installer App</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.8 <a href="#x1-990002.6.8" id="QQ2-1-99">Backup/Restore</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.8.1 <a href="#x1-1000002.6.8.1" id="QQ2-1-100">Compression method</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.8.2 <a href="#x1-1010002.6.8.2" id="QQ2-1-101">Backup Options</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.8.3 <a href="#x1-1020002.6.8.3" id="QQ2-1-102">Backup apps with Android KeyStore</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.6.8.4 <a href="#x1-1030002.6.8.4" id="QQ2-1-103">Encryption</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.6.9 <a href="#x1-1040002.6.9" id="QQ2-1-104">Device Info</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.7 <a href="#x1-1050002.7" id="QQ2-1-105">Scanner Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.7.1 <a href="#x1-1060002.7.1" id="QQ2-1-106">Missing Signatures</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.8 <a href="#x1-1070002.8" id="QQ2-1-107">Interceptor Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.8.1 <a href="#x1-1080002.8.1" id="QQ2-1-108">Intent Filters</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.1 <a href="#x1-1090002.8.1.1" id="QQ2-1-109">Action</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.2 <a href="#x1-1100002.8.1.2" id="QQ2-1-110">Data</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.3 <a href="#x1-1110002.8.1.3" id="QQ2-1-111">MIME Type</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.4 <a href="#x1-1120002.8.1.4" id="QQ2-1-112">Categories</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.5 <a href="#x1-1130002.8.1.5" id="QQ2-1-113">Flags</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.6 <a href="#x1-1140002.8.1.6" id="QQ2-1-114">Extras</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">2.8.1.7 <a href="#x1-1150002.8.1.7" id="QQ2-1-115">URI</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.8.2 <a href="#x1-1160002.8.2" id="QQ2-1-116">Matching Activities</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.8.3 <a href="#x1-1170002.8.3" id="QQ2-1-117">Reset to Default</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">2.8.4 <a href="#x1-1180002.8.4" id="QQ2-1-118">Send Edited Intent</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">2.9 <a href="#x1-1190002.9" id="QQ2-1-119">Shared Preferences Editor Page</a></span><br /> <span class="chapterToc">3 <a href="#x1-1200003" id="QQ2-1-120">Guides</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">3.1 <a href="#x1-1210003.1" id="QQ2-1-121">ADB over TCP</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.1.1 <a href="#x1-1220003.1.1" id="QQ2-1-122">Enable developer options</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.1.1 <a href="#x1-1230003.1.1.1" id="QQ2-1-123">Location of developer options</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.1.2 <a href="#x1-1240003.1.1.2" id="QQ2-1-124">How to enable developer options</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.1.2 <a href="#x1-1250003.1.2" id="QQ2-1-125">Enable USB debugging</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.2.1 <a href="#x1-1260003.1.2.1" id="QQ2-1-126">Xiaomi (MIUI)</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.2.2 <a href="#x1-1270003.1.2.2" id="QQ2-1-127">Huawei (EMUI)</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.2.3 <a href="#x1-1280003.1.2.3" id="QQ2-1-128">LG</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.2.4 <a href="#x1-1290003.1.2.4" id="QQ2-1-129">Troubleshooting</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.1.3 <a href="#x1-1300003.1.3" id="QQ2-1-130">Setup ADB on PC or Mac</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.3.1 <a href="#x1-1310003.1.3.1" id="QQ2-1-131">Windows</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.3.2 <a href="#x1-1320003.1.3.2" id="QQ2-1-132">macOS</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.3.3 <a href="#x1-1330003.1.3.3" id="QQ2-1-133">Linux</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.1.4 <a href="#x1-1340003.1.4" id="QQ2-1-134">Configure ADB over TCP</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.4.1 <a href="#x1-1350003.1.4.1" id="QQ2-1-135">Lineage OS</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.4.2 <a href="#x1-1360003.1.4.2" id="QQ2-1-136">Enable ADB over TCP via PC or Mac</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.4.3 <a href="#x1-1370003.1.4.3" id="QQ2-1-137">Enable ADB mode on App Manager</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">3.1.4.4 <a href="#x1-1380003.1.4.4" id="QQ2-1-138">Stop ADB over TCP</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.1.5 <a href="#x1-1390003.1.5" id="QQ2-1-139">References</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">3.2 <a href="#x1-1400003.2" id="QQ2-1-140">Backup/Restore</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2.1 <a href="#x1-1410003.2.1" id="QQ2-1-141">Location</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2.2 <a href="#x1-1420003.2.2" id="QQ2-1-142">Backup Options</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2.3 <a href="#x1-1430003.2.3" id="QQ2-1-143">Backup</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2.4 <a href="#x1-1440003.2.4" id="QQ2-1-144">Restore</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2.5 <a href="#x1-1450003.2.5" id="QQ2-1-145">Delete Backup</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">3.2.6 <a href="#x1-1460003.2.6" id="QQ2-1-146">Encryption</a></span><br /> <span class="chapterToc">4 <a href="#x1-1470004" id="QQ2-1-147">Frequently Asked Questions</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">4.1 <a href="#x1-1480004.1" id="QQ2-1-148">App Components</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.1 <a href="#x1-1490004.1.1" id="QQ2-1-149">What are the app components?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.2 <a href="#x1-1500004.1.2" id="QQ2-1-150">How are the tracker or other components blocked in AM? What are its limitations?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.3 <a href="#x1-1510004.1.3" id="QQ2-1-151">Why are the components blocked by AM not detected by other related apps?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.4 <a href="#x1-1520004.1.4" id="QQ2-1-152">Does app components blocked by other tools retained in AM?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.5 <a href="#x1-1530004.1.5" id="QQ2-1-153">What happened to the components blocked by AM which are also blocked by other tools?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.6 <a href="#x1-1540004.1.6" id="QQ2-1-154">What is instant component blocking?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.7 <a href="#x1-1550004.1.7" id="QQ2-1-155">Tracker classes versus tracker components</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.1.8 <a href="#x1-1560004.1.8" id="QQ2-1-156">How to unblock the tracker components blocked using 1-Click Ops or Batch Ops?</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">4.2 <a href="#x1-1570004.2" id="QQ2-1-157">ADB over TCP</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.2.1 <a href="#x1-1580004.2.1" id="QQ2-1-158">Do I have to enable ADB over TCP everytime I restart?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.2.2 <a href="#x1-1590004.2.2" id="QQ2-1-159">Cannot enable USB debugging. What to do?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.2.3 <a href="#x1-1600004.2.3" id="QQ2-1-160">Can I block tracker or any other application components using ADB over TCP?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.2.4 <a href="#x1-1610004.2.4" id="QQ2-1-161">Which features can be used in ADB mode?</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">4.3 <a href="#x1-1620004.3" id="QQ2-1-162">Miscellanea</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.3.1 <a href="#x1-1630004.3.1" id="QQ2-1-163">I don’t use root/ADB. Am I completely safe from any harms?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.3.2 <a href="#x1-1640004.3.2" id="QQ2-1-164">Why does AM have the INTERNET permission when it doesn’t connect to the Internet?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.3.3 <a href="#x1-1650004.3.3" id="QQ2-1-165">How are the trackers and libraries are updated?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.3.4 <a href="#x1-1660004.3.4" id="QQ2-1-166">Any plans for Shizuku?</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">4.3.5 <a href="#x1-1670004.3.5" id="QQ2-1-167">What are bloatware and how to remove them?</a></span><br /> <span class="appendixToc">A <a href="#x1-168000A" id="QQ2-1-168">Specifications</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">A.1 <a href="#x1-169000A.1" id="QQ2-1-169">Rules Specification</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">A.1.1 <a href="#x1-170000A.1.1" id="QQ2-1-170">Background</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">A.1.2 <a href="#x1-171000A.1.2" id="QQ2-1-171">Rules File Format</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">A.1.2.1 <a href="#x1-172000A.1.2.1" id="QQ2-1-172">Internal</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">A.1.2.2 <a href="#x1-173000A.1.2.2" id="QQ2-1-173">External</a></span><br /> <span class="appendixToc">B <a href="#x1-174000B" id="QQ2-1-174">Changelogs</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">B.1 <a href="#x1-175000B.1" id="QQ2-1-175">v2.5.20 (375)</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.1 <a href="#x1-176000B.1.1" id="QQ2-1-176">Introducing Profiles</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.2 <a href="#x1-178000B.1.2" id="QQ2-1-178">The Interceptor</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.3 <a href="#x1-180000B.1.3" id="QQ2-1-180">UnAPKM: DeDRM the APKM files</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.4 <a href="#x1-181000B.1.4" id="QQ2-1-181">Multiple user</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.5 <a href="#x1-182000B.1.5" id="QQ2-1-182">Vive la France!</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.6 <a href="#x1-183000B.1.6" id="QQ2-1-183">Report crashes</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.7 <a href="#x1-184000B.1.7" id="QQ2-1-184">Android 11</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.1.8 <a href="#x1-185000B.1.8" id="QQ2-1-185">App Installer Improvements</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">B.1.8.1 <a href="#x1-186000B.1.8.1" id="QQ2-1-186">Set installation locations</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">B.1.8.2 <a href="#x1-187000B.1.8.2" id="QQ2-1-187">Set APK installer</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">B.1.8.3 <a href="#x1-188000B.1.8.3" id="QQ2-1-188">Multiple users</a></span><br /> <span class="subsubsectionToc">B.1.8.4 <a href="#x1-189000B.1.8.4" id="QQ2-1-189">Signing APK files</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">B.2 <a href="#x1-191000B.2" id="QQ2-1-191">v2.5.17 (368)</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.1 <a href="#x1-192000B.2.1" id="QQ2-1-192">App Installer</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.2 <a href="#x1-194000B.2.2" id="QQ2-1-194">Scanner: Replacement for Exodus Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.3 <a href="#x1-195000B.2.3" id="QQ2-1-195">Introducing System Config</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.4 <a href="#x1-196000B.2.4" id="QQ2-1-196">More Languages</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.5 <a href="#x1-197000B.2.5" id="QQ2-1-197">App Info Tab</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.6 <a href="#x1-198000B.2.6" id="QQ2-1-198">Navigation Improvements</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.7 <a href="#x1-199000B.2.7" id="QQ2-1-199">Running Apps Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.8 <a href="#x1-200000B.2.8" id="QQ2-1-200">Built-in Toybox</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.9 <a href="#x1-201000B.2.9" id="QQ2-1-201">Component Blocker Improvements</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.10 <a href="#x1-202000B.2.10" id="QQ2-1-202">Improvements in the App Details Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.2.11 <a href="#x1-203000B.2.11" id="QQ2-1-203">App Manifest</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">B.3 <a href="#x1-204000B.3" id="QQ2-1-204">v2.5.13 (348)</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.1 <a href="#x1-205000B.3.1" id="QQ2-1-205">Bundled App (Split APK)</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.2 <a href="#x1-207000B.3.2" id="QQ2-1-207">Direct Install Support</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.3 <a href="#x1-209000B.3.3" id="QQ2-1-209">Remove All Blocking Rules</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.4 <a href="#x1-210000B.3.4" id="QQ2-1-210">App Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.5 <a href="#x1-212000B.3.5" id="QQ2-1-212">Enhanced ADB Support</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.6 <a href="#x1-214000B.3.6" id="QQ2-1-214">Filtering in Main Page</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.7 <a href="#x1-215000B.3.7" id="QQ2-1-215">Apk Backup/Sharing</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.8 <a href="#x1-216000B.3.8" id="QQ2-1-216">Batch Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.9 <a href="#x1-217000B.3.9" id="QQ2-1-217">Translations</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">B.3.10 <a href="#x1-219000B.3.10" id="QQ2-1-219">App Data Backup</a></span><br /> <span class="appendixToc">C <a href="#x1-220000C" id="QQ2-1-220">App Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">C.1 <a href="#x1-221000C.1" id="QQ2-1-221">Background</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">C.2 <a href="#x1-222000C.2" id="QQ2-1-222">Introduction to App Ops</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">C.3 <a href="#x1-223000C.3" id="QQ2-1-224">AppOpsManager</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">C.3.1 <a href="#x1-224000C.3.1" id="QQ2-1-225"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> Constants</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">C.3.2 <a href="#x1-225000C.3.2" id="QQ2-1-227"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span> Constants</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">C.3.3 <a href="#x1-226000C.3.3" id="QQ2-1-228">PackageOps</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">C.3.4 <a href="#x1-227000C.3.4" id="QQ2-1-230">OpEntry</a></span><br /> <span class="subsectionToc">C.3.5 <a href="#x1-228000C.3.5" id="QQ2-1-232">Usage</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">C.4 <a href="#x1-229000C.4" id="QQ2-1-233">AppOpsService</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">C.5 <a href="#x1-230000C.5" id="QQ2-1-234">appops.xml</a></span><br /> <span class="sectionToc">C.6 <a href="#x1-231000C.6" id="QQ2-1-235">Command Line Interface</a></span></div>
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<main class="main">
<div class="center"><!--l. 5-->
<p class="noindent"><!--l. 6--></p>
<p class="noindent"><img src="../images/icon.png" alt="PIC" style="width:16.69%" /> <!--l. 7--></p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbc8t-x-x-207">A<span class="small-caps">P</span><span class="small-caps">P</span> M<span class="small-caps">A</span><span class="small-caps">N</span><span class="small-caps">A</span><span class="small-caps">G</span><span class="small-caps">E</span><span class="small-caps">R</span></span> </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-x-x-172">User Manual</span> </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-x-x-120">v2.5.24</span> </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplr8t-x-x-109">April 3, 2021</span> </p>
<p class="noindent">Copyright <span class="pplr8c-">©</span>2020–2021 Muntashir Al-Islam</p>
<div class="quotation"><!--l. 19-->
<p class="indent">“Wisely and slow. They stumble that run fast.” — Friar Laurence, <span class="pplri8t-">Romeo and Juliet</span></p>
</div>
</div>
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<p class="noindent"><!--l. 1--></p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<h2 class="chapterHead"><span class="titlemark">Chapter 1</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-2" id="x1-20001">Introduction</a></h2>
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<p class="noindent">App Manager is an advanced package manager for Android. It offers many features and consequently, it requires a user manual to assist its users with features that it offers. This document acts as a user manual for App Manager in the sense that it contains the description of every feature that App Manager has to offer. The document can be considered as the “official” guidelines for App Manager and represent the expected behaviour of App Manager. Translations can misinterpret this document (which is written in English). Therefore, it is recommended that you read the English version if possible. There might be other unofficial or third-party resources such as blog articles, videos, chat groups, etc. While these resources might be useful for many people, they may not be up-to-date. In case any deviations are detected in App Manager from this document, they should be reported in the <a href="https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/issues">App Manager issue tracker</a>.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-3" id="x1-30001.1">Terminologies</a></h3>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">AM</span> — Short name for App Manager</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">AoT</span> — Short form of ADB over TCP</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Block/Unblock</span> — Used for component blocking. It denotes that a component is blocked using Intent Firewall and disabled using PackageManager.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">IFW</span> — Tên tắt của Intent Firewall.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Ops</span> — Short name for operations, e.g. app ops, batch ops, 1-click ops</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">SSAID</span> — Short form of <span class="ectt-1000">Settings.Secure.ANDROID_ID</span>. It is a device identifier assigned to each app (from Android Oreo and onwards). It is generated from the combination of the signing certificate of the app and the SSAID set for the package <span class="ectt-1000">android</span>. As a result, it is guaranteed to be the same for an app unless the user formats the device. It is widely used for tracking users.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Tracker</span> — Denotes tracker components throughout the document and in App Manager except the <a href="#x1-1050002.7">scanner page</a>. Trackers include libraries such as crash reporters, analytics, profiling, identification, ads, location, etc. Thus, they are not equal in functions. There is no distinction or bias between open source and closed source libraries.</li>
</ul>
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<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-4" id="x1-40001.2">Supported Versions</a></h3>
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<p class="noindent">Currently supported versions are v2.5.20 (stable), v2.5.23 (pre-release) and v2.5.24 (debug release). </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-5" id="x1-50001.3">Official Sources</a></h3>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-6" id="x1-60001.3.1">Binary Distribution Sources</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">App Manager is distributed using the following sources. Unofficial sources may distribute modified versions of App Manager, and none but you shall be responsible for the consequences of using such distributions.</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-6002x1">Official F-Droid repository.<a href="#Hfootnote./theHHfootnote"></a><a href="#fn1x1" id="fn1x1-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a><a id="x1-6003f1"></a><br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">Link:</span> <a href="https://f-droid.org/packages/io.github.muntashirakon.AppManager" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://f-droid.org/packages/io.github.muntashirakon.AppManager</span></a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-6005x2">IzzyOnDroid repository for F-Droid.<a href="#Hfootnote./theHHfootnote"></a><a href="#fn2x1" id="fn2x1-bk"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a><a id="x1-6006f2"></a><br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">Link:</span> <a href="https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/index/apk/io.github.muntashirakon.AppManager" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://apt.izzysoft.de/fdroid/index/apk/io.github.muntashirakon.AppManager</span></a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-6008x3">GitHub repository.<br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">Normal releases:</span> <a href="https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/releases" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/releases</span></a><br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">Debug releases:</span> <a href="https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/actions" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/actions</span></a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-6010x4">Telegram.<br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">Normal releases:</span> <a href="https://t.me/AppManagerChannel" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://t.me/AppManagerChannel</span></a><br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">Debug releases:</span> <a href="https://t.me/AppManagerDebug" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://t.me/AppManagerDebug</span></a></li>
</ol>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-7" id="x1-70001.3.2">Links to Source Code</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">All but GitHub are the mirror links. The tags should always be up-to-date, but the master branch is not guaranteed to be up-to-date. If the target is to clone the master branch, use the GitHub link instead of the others.</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-7002x1">GitHub: <a href="https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager</span></a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-7004x2">GitLab: <a href="https://gitlab.com/muntashir/AppManager" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://gitlab.com/muntashir/AppManager</span></a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-7006x3">Codeberg: <a href="https://codeberg.org/muntashir/AppManager" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://codeberg.org/muntashir/AppManager</span></a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-7008x4">Riseup: <a href="https://0xacab.org/muntashir/AppManager" class="url"><span class="ectt-1000">https://0xacab.org/muntashir/AppManager</span></a></li>
</ol>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-8" id="x1-80001.3.3">Translations</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Horizontal Action Panel, as described in the previous section, consists of various app-related actions, such as–</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Launch.</span> Application that has a launcher <a href="#x1-410002.2.3.1">activities</a> can be launched using this button.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Uninstall.</span> Uninstall an app.</li>
</ul>
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<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-9" id="x1-90001.4">Contributing</a></h3>
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<p class="noindent">There are multiple ways a user can contribute such as creating helpful issues, attending discussions, improving documentations and translations, adding unrecognised libraries or trackers, reviewing the source code as well as reporting security vulnerabilities. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-10" id="x1-100001.4.1">Build Instructions</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Build instructions are available in the README file of the root directory of the source. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.4.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-11" id="x1-110001.4.2">Submitting patches</a></h4>
<!--l. 82-->
<p class="noindent">Repositories located in sites other than GitHub are currently considered mirrors and pull/merge requests submitted there will not be accepted. Instead, patches (as .patch files) can be submitted via email attachments. Make sure to sign-off your commits.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-1"><!--l. 86-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> GitHub PRs will be merged manually using the corresponding patches. As a result, GitHub may falsely mark them closed instead of merged.</p>

</div>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-2"><!--l. 91-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> In case of submitting patches via email, the whole conversation may be publicly accessible in the future. So, do not include any personally identifiable information (PII) other than your name or email address.</p>

</div>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-12" id="x1-120001.5">Donation & Funding</a></h3>
<!--l. 97-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">Donation or purchase is not a requirement in order to use App Manager.</span> While App Manager does not support any purchases, donations can be sent to the author of App Manager using one of the following Bitcoin addresses as a tribute:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb1"><a id="x1-12002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> 33TDkWVv5EgwfKGJk7YaS2Ev1CBzBP9Sav</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-12004r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> 38bzvWDD99dJhXg9tC4yQEnGdnAKPtwSXG</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-12006r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> 3FHTxPoYa92dNJK6pkhwyVkMG8Vv3VpGpg</span></div>
<!--l. 105-->
<p class="indent">By sending BTC, the sender agrees that he/she/they shall not make the transaction information public i.e. the transaction will remain anonymous, nor shall he/she/they use it as a leverage to prioritise his/her/their requested features. Feature requests do not require any bounties or donations, and they are prioritised according to the authors’ preferences. </p>
<p class="indent"><span class="pplri8t-">App Manager is open for funding/grants.</span> Representatives of the interested organizations can contact the author directly using the options given in §<a href="#x1-130001.6">1.6</a>. </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">1.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-13" id="x1-130001.6">Contact</a></h3>
<!--l. 114-->
<p class="noindent">By default, Termux does not allow running commands from third-party applications. To enable this option, you have to add <span class="ectt-1000">allow-external-apps=true</span> in <span class="ectt-1000">~/.termux/termux.properties</span>, and make sure that you are running Termux v0.96 or later.</p>
<h2 class="chapterHead"><span class="titlemark">Chapter 2</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-14" id="x1-140002">Pages</a></h2>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-15" id="x1-150002.1">Main Page</a></h3>
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<p class="noindent">Main page lists all the installed apps (or a list of apps supplied by any third-party application) as well as apps that has existing backups. A single click on any installed app item opens the respective <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a>. Using the <a href="#par:main-page-sort">sort</a> option from the menu, the app items can be sorted in various ways and preserved on close. It is also possible to filter items based on your needs using the <a href="#par:main-page-filter">filter</a> option in the menu. You can filter using more than one options. You can also filter apps using app labels or package name using the search button. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-16" id="x1-160002.1.1">Batch Operations</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Batch operations or operation on multiple apps are also available within this page (most these operations require root or <a href="#x1-1210003.1">ADB over TCP</a>). To enable multiple selection mode, click on any app icon or long click on any app. After that, you can use the regular click to select apps instead of opening the App Details page. These operations include:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Backup APK file (no root)</li>
<li class="itemize"><a href="#x1-1400003.2">Backup/restore/delete app data</a></li>
<li class="itemize">Clear data from apps</li>
<li class="itemize">Enable/disable/force-stop/uninstall apps</li>
<li class="itemize">Disable run in background</li>
<li class="itemize">Block ad and tracker components</li>
<li class="itemize">Export blocking rules</li>
<li class="itemize">Add the selected apps to a <a href="#x1-580002.4">profile</a></li>
</ul>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-17" id="x1-170002.1.2">Colour Codes</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Here’s the list of colours used in this page, and their meaning:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox1"><span id="textcolor2">Light greyish orange (day)</span></span> / <span class="colorbox" id="colorbox3"><span id="textcolor4">dark blue (night)</span></span> – App selected for batch operation</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox5"><span id="textcolor6">Light red (day)</span></span> / <span class="colorbox" id="colorbox7"><span id="textcolor8">dark red (night)</span></span> – Disabled app</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox9"><span id="textcolor10">Yellow Star</span></span> – App is in debug mode</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor11">Orange <span class="pplri8t-">Date</span></span> – App can read logs (permission granted)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor12">Orange <span class="pplri8t-">UID</span></span> – User ID is being shared between apps</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor13">Orange <span class="pplri8t-">SDK</span></span> – Uses cleartext (ie. HTTP) traffic</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor14">Red <span class="pplri8t-">package name</span></span> – App does not allow clearing data</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor15">Red <span class="pplri8t-">backup</span></span> – App not installed but has one or more backups</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor16">Dark cyan <span class="pplri8t-">package name</span></span> – Stopped or forced closed app</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor17">Dark cyan <span class="pplri8t-">version</span></span> – Inactive app</li>
<li class="itemize"><span id="textcolor18">Magenta</span> – Persistent app i.e. remains running all the time</li>
</ul>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-18" id="x1-180002.1.3">Application Types</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">An app is either <span class="pplb8t-">User App</span> or <span class="pplb8t-">System App</span> along with the following codes:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">X</span> – The app supports multiple architectures: 32-bit, 64-bit or arm-v7, arm-v8, etc.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">0</span> – App does not have code with it</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="tctt-1000">°</span> – App is in suspended state</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">#</span> – App has requested a large heap</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">?</span> – App has requested VM in safe mode</li>
</ul>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-19" id="x1-190002.1.4">Version Info</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">App Ops</span> stands for <span class="pplb8t-">Application Operations</span>. Since Android 4.3, <span class="pplri8t-">App Ops</span> are used by Android system to control most of the application permissions. Each app op has a unique number associated with them which are closed inside first brackets in the App Ops tab. They also have private and optionally a public name. Some app ops are associated with <span class="pplri8t-">permissions</span> as well. The dangerousness of an app op is decided based on the associated permission, and other informations such as <span class="pplri8t-">flags</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permission name</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permission description</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">package name</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">group</span> are taken from the associated <a href="#x1-510002.2.4.3">permission</a>. Other information may include the following:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Mode.</span> It describes the current authorisation status which can be <span class="pplri8t-">allow</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">deny</span> (a rather misnomer, it simply means error), <span class="pplri8t-">ignore</span> (it actually means deny), <span class="pplri8t-">default</span> (inferred from a list of defaults set internally by the vendor), <span class="pplri8t-">foreground</span> (in newer Androids, it means the app op can only be used when the app is running in foreground), and some custom modes set by the vendors (MIUI uses <span class="pplri8t-">ask</span> and other modes with just numbers without any associated names).</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Duration.</span> The amount of time this app op has been used (there can be negative durations whose use cases are currently not known to me).</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Accept Time.</span> Last time the app op was accepted.</li>
</ul>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-20" id="x1-200002.1.5">Options Menu</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Options menu has several options which can be used to sort, filter the listed apps as well as navigate to different pages. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-21" id="x1-210002.1.5.1">Instructions</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">Clicking on instructions open an offline version of the App Manager documentations. It opens the online version if the corresponding feature split i.e. <span class="ectt-1000">feat_docs</span> is not installed. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-22" id="x1-220002.1.5.2">List Options</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-220000C"><span class="pplri8t-">Appendix: App Ops</span></a> </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-230002.1.5.2" id="x1-230002.1.5.2">Sort</a></span> <a id="par:main-page-sort"></a> Apps listed on the main page can be sorted in different ways. The sorting preference is preserved which means the apps will be sorted the same way that was sorted in the previous launch. Regardless of your sorting preference, however, the apps are first sorted alphabetically to prevent random results.</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">User app first.</span> User apps are listed on top</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">App label.</span> Sort in ascending order based on the app labels (also known as <span class="pplri8t-">app names</span>). This is the default sorting preference</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Package name.</span> Sort in ascending order based on package names</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Last update.</span> Sort in descending order based on the package update date (or install date if it is a newly installed package)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Shared user ID.</span> Sort in descending order based on the kernel user ID</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Target SDK.</span> Sort in ascending order based on the target SDK</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Signature.</span> Sort in ascending order based on app’s signing info</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Disabled first.</span> List disabled apps first</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Blocked first.</span> Sort in descending order based on the number of blocked components</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Backup first.</span> Display apps with backups on top</li>
</ul>
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<p class="indent">There is also a <span class="pplri8t-">reverse</span> option which can be used to sort the apps in reverse order. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-240002.1.5.2" id="x1-240002.1.5.2">Filter</a></span> <a id="par:main-page-filter"></a> Apps listed on the main page can be filtered in a number of ways. Like sorting, filtering preferences are also stored and retained after a relaunch.</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">User apps.</span> List only the user apps</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Name.</span> Each permission has a unique name like <span class="ectt-1000">android.permission.INTERNET</span> but multiple app can request the permission.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Icon.</span> Each permission can have a custom icon. The other permission tabs do not have any icon because they do not contain any icon in the app manifest.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Description.</span> This optional field describes the permission. If there isn’t any description associated with the permission, the field is not displayed.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Flags.</span> (Uses the flag symbol or <span class="pplb8t-">Protection Level</span> name) This describes various permission flags such as <span class="pplri8t-">normal</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">development</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">dangerous</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">instant</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">granted</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">revoked</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">signature</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">privileged</span>, etc.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Package Name.</span> Denotes the package name associated with the permission, i.e. the package that defined the permission.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Group.</span> The group name associated with the permission (if any). Newer Androids do not seem to use group names which is why you’ll usually see <span class="ectt-1000">android.permission-group.UNDEFINED</span> or no group name at all.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Running apps.</span> List apps that are currently running (either in foreground or background)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Apps with splits.</span> List apps with one or more split APKs</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Installed apps.</span> List only installed apps</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Uninstalled apps.</span> List only uninstalled apps including backups</li>
</ul>
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<p class="indent">Unlike sorting, you can filter using more than one option. For example, you can list the disabled user apps by filtering app lists selecting <span class="pplri8t-">user apps</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">disabled apps</span>. This is particularly useful for <a href="#x1-160002.1.1">batch operations</a> where you can filter all user apps to carry out certain operations. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-25" id="x1-250002.1.5.3">1-Click Ops</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent"><a href="#x1-540002.3">1-Click Ops</a> stands for <span class="pplb8t-">One-Click Operations</span>. You can directly open the corresponding page by clicking on this option. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-26" id="x1-260002.1.5.4">App Usage</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">App usage statistics such as <span class="pplri8t-">screen time</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">data usage</span> (both mobile and Wifi), <span class="pplri8t-">number of</span> <span class="pplri8t-">times an app was opened</span> can be accessed by clicking on the <span class="pplb8t-">App Usage</span> option in the menu (requires <span class="pplri8t-">Usage Access</span> permission). </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-27" id="x1-270002.1.5.5">System Config</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">This page appears after clicking on the <a href="#x1-250002.1.5.3">1-Click Ops option</a> in the <a href="#x1-200002.1.5">main menu</a>. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-28" id="x1-280002.1.5.6">Running Apps</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">This option can be used to block or unblock the ad/tracker components from the installed apps. After you click on this option, you will be asked to select if AM will list trackers from all apps or only from the user apps. Novice users should avoid blocking trackers from the system apps in order to avoid consequences. After that, a multi-choice dialog box will appear where you can deselect the apps you want to exclude from this operation. Clicking <span class="pplri8t-">block</span> or <span class="pplri8t-">unblock</span> applies the changes immediately. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-29" id="x1-290002.1.5.7">APK Updater</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">If you have the app <a href="https://github.com/rumboalla/apkupdater">APK Updater</a> installed, you can use the corresponding option in the menu to open the app directly. The option is hidden if you do not have it installed. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-30" id="x1-300002.1.5.8">Profiles</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">Opens the <a href="#x1-580002.4">profiles page</a>. Profiles are a way to configure regularly used tasks. You can also add shortcuts of the profiles in the launcher to run them directly. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-31" id="x1-310002.1.5.9">Termux</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">This option can be used to block certain app components denoted by the signatures. App signature is the full name or partial name of the components. For safety, it is recommended that you should add a <span class="ectt-1000">.</span> (dot) at the end of each partial signature name as the algorithm used here chooses all matched components in a greedy manner. You can insert more than one signature in which case all signatures have to be separated by spaces. Similar to the option above, there is an option to apply blocking to system apps as well. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.1.5.10</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-32" id="x1-320002.1.5.10">Settings</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">You can go to in-app <a href="#x1-780002.6">Settings</a> by clicking on the corresponding option.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-33" id="x1-330002.2">App Details Page</a></h3>
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<p class="noindent">This option can be used to configure certain <a href="#x1-220000C">app operations</a> of all or selected apps. You can insert more than one app op constants separated by spaces. It is not always possible to know in advance about all the app op constants as they vary from device to device and from OS to OS. To find the desired app op constant, browse the <span class="pplri8t-">App Ops</span> tab in the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a>. The constants are integers closed inside brackets next to each app op name. You can also use the app op names. You also have to select one of the <a href="#x1-225000C.3.2">modes</a> that will be applied against the app ops. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-34" id="x1-340002.2.1">Colour Codes</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">List of background colours used in this page, and their meaning:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox19"><span id="textcolor20">Red (day)</span></span> / <span class="colorbox" id="colorbox21"><span id="textcolor22">dark red (night)</span></span> – Any app op or permission that has the dangerous flag is marked as red. Components that are blocked within App Manager are also marked as red</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox23"><span id="textcolor24">Light red (day)</span></span> / <span class="colorbox" id="colorbox25"><span id="textcolor26">very dark red (night)</span></span> – Components that are disabled outside App Manager have these colors. It should be noted that a component that is marked as disabled does not always mean that it is disabled by the user: It could be disabled by the system as well or marked as disabled in the app manifest. Also, all components of a disabled app are considered disabled by the system (and by App Manager as well)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox27"><span id="textcolor28">Vivid orange (day)</span></span> / <span class="colorbox" id="colorbox29"><span id="textcolor30">very dark orange (night)</span></span> – Ad or tracker components</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="colorbox" id="colorbox31"><span id="textcolor32">Soft magenta (day)</span></span> / <span class="colorbox" id="colorbox33"><span id="textcolor34">very dark violet (night)</span></span> – Currently running services</li>
</ul>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-35" id="x1-350002.2.2">App Info Tab</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">App Info</span> tab contains general information about an app. It also lists many actions that can be performed within this tab. A complete description is given below: </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-36" id="x1-360002.2.2.1">General Information</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">The list below is in the same order as listed in the App Info tab.</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Export.</span> Export the profile to an external storage. Profile exported this way can be imported using the <span class="pplri8t-">import</span> option in the three dots menu.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Create shortcut.</span> This option can be used to create a shortcut for the profile. When clicked, there will be two options: <span class="pplri8t-">Simple</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">Advanced</span>. The latter option allows you to set the profile state before applying it while the former option use the default state that was configured when the profile was last saved.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Version.</span> Application version is divided into two parts. The first part is called <span class="pplri8t-">version name</span>, the format of this part varies but it often consists of multiple integers separated by dots. The second part is called <span class="pplri8t-">version</span> <span class="pplri8t-">code</span> and it is closed under first brackets. Version code is an integer which is usually used to differentiate between app versions (as version name can often be unreadable by a machine). In general, new version of an app has higher version code than the old ones. For instance, if <span class="ectt-1000">123</span> and <span class="ectt-1000">125</span> are two version codes of an app, we can say that the latter is more updated than the former because the version code of the latter is higher. For applications that depend on platforms (mobile, tabs, desktops, etc.), these version numbers can be misleading as they use prefixes for each platform.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Tags.</span> (Also known as tag clouds) Tags include the basic, concise and most useful info of an app. Tags contain <span class="pplri8t-">tracker info</span> (i.e. number of tracker components), <span class="pplri8t-">app type</span> (user app or system app and whether the app is an updated version of the system app or if the app is installed systemless-ly using Magisk), <span class="pplri8t-">running</span> (i.e. one or more services of the app is running in the background), <span class="pplri8t-">split APK info</span> (i.e. number of splits), <span class="pplri8t-">debuggable</span> (the app is a debug version), <span class="pplri8t-">test only</span> (the app is a test only app), <span class="pplri8t-">large heap</span> (the app has requested a large heap size), <span class="pplri8t-">stopped</span> (the app is force stopped), <span class="pplri8t-">disabled</span> (the app is disabled), <span class="pplri8t-">KeyStore</span> (the app has items in the Android KeyStore) and <span class="pplri8t-">no code</span> (the app doesn’t have any code associated with it). The importance of including <span class="pplri8t-">test only</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">debuggable</span> is that app with these properties can do additional tasks or these apps can be <span class="ectt-1000">run-as</span> without root which can cause potential security problems if these apps store any private information. <span class="pplri8t-">large heap</span> denotes that the app will be allocated a higher amount of memory (RAM) if needed. While this may not be harmful for most cases, any suspicious apps requesting large heap should be taken seriously.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Horizontal Action Panel.</span> This is an action panel containing various actions regarding the app. See §<a href="#x1-370002.2.2.2">2.2.2.2</a> for a complete list of actions available here.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Paths & Directories.</span> Contains various information regarding application paths including <span class="pplri8t-">app directory</span> (where the APK files are stored), <span class="pplri8t-">data directories</span> (internal, device protected and externals), <span class="pplri8t-">split</span> <span class="pplri8t-">APK directories</span> (along with the split names), and <span class="pplri8t-">native JNI library</span> (if present). JNI libraries are used to invoke native codes usually written in C/C++. Use of native library can make the app run faster or help an app use third-party libraries written using languages other than Java like in most games. You can also open these directories using your favourite file managers (provided they support it and have necessary permissions) by clicking on the launch icon on the right-hand side of each item.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Data Usage Since Last Boot.</span> A rather self explanatory option. But beware that due to some issues, the results might often be misleading and simply wrong. This part remains hidden if <span class="pplri8t-">Usage Access</span> permission is not granted in newer devices.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Storage & Cache.</span> Displays information regarding the size of the app (APK files), data and cache. In older devices, size of external data, cache, media and OBB folders are also displayed. This part remains hidden if <span class="pplri8t-">Usage Access</span> permission is not granted in newer devices.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">More Info.</span> Displays other information such as–
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">SDK.</span> Displays information related to the Android SDK. There are two (one in old devices) values: <span class="pplri8t-">Max</span> denotes the target SDK and <span class="pplri8t-">Min</span> denotes the minimum SDK (the latter is not available in old devices). It is best practice to use apps with maximum SDK that the platform currently supports. SDK is also known as <span class="pplb8t-">API Level</span>. <span class="pplri8t-">See</span> <span class="pplri8t-">also:</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history#Overview"><span class="pplri8t-">Android Version History</span></a></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Flags.</span> The application flags used at the time of building the app. For a complete list of flags and what they do, visit the <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/ApplicationInfo#flags">official documentation</a>.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Date Installed.</span> The date when the app was first installed.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Date Updated.</span> The date when the app was last updated. This is the same as <span class="pplri8t-">Date Installed</span> if the app hasn’t been updated.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Installer App.</span> The app that installed this app. Not all app supply the information used by the package manager to register the installer app. Therefore, this value should not be taken for granted.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">User ID.</span> The unique user ID set by the Android system to the app. For shared applications, same user ID is assigned to multiple applications that have the same <span class="pplri8t-">Shared User ID</span>.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Shared User ID.</span> Applicable for applications that are shared together. Although it says ID, this is actually a string value. The shared application must have the same <a href="#x1-520002.2.5">signatures</a>.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Main Activity.</span> The main entry point to the app. This is only visible if the app has <a href="#x1-410002.2.3.1">activities</a> and any of those are openable from the Launcher. There’s also a launch button on the right-hand side which can be used to launch this activity.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-37" id="x1-370002.2.2.2">Horizontal Action Panel</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">Horizontal Action Panel, as described in the previous section, consists of various app-related actions, such as–</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Launch.</span> Application that has a launcher <a href="#x1-410002.2.3.1">activities</a> can be launched using this button.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Disable.</span> Disable an app. This button is not displayed for already disabled apps or to users who do not have root or <a href="#x1-1210003.1">ADB</a>. If you disable an app, the app will not be displayed in your Launcher app. Shortcuts for the app will also be removed. If you disable a user app, you can only enable them via App Manager or any other tool that supports it. There isn’t any option in Android Settings to enable a disabled user app.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Uninstall.</span> Uninstall an app.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Enable.</span> Enable an app. This button is not displayed for already enabled apps or to users who do not have root or ADB.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Force Stop.</span> Force-stop an app. When you force stop an app, the app will not be able to run in background unless you explicitly open it first. However, this is not always true.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Clear Data.</span> Clear data from an app. This includes any information stored in the internal and often the external directories, including accounts (if set by the app), cache, etc. Clearing data from App Manager, for example, removes all the rules (the blocking is not removed though) saved within the app. Which is why you should always take backups of your rules. This button is not displayed to users who do not have root or ADB.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Clear Cache.</span> Clear app cache only. There is not any Android-way to clear app cache. Therefore, it needs root permission to clear cache from the app’s internal storage.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Install.</span> Install an APK opened using any third-party app. This button is only displayed for an external APK that hasn’t been installed.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">What’s New.</span> This button is displayed for an APK that has higher version code than the installed one. Clicking on this button displays a dialog consisting of differences in a version control manner. The information it displays include <span class="pplri8t-">version</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">trackers</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permissions</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">components</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">signatures</span> (checksum changes), <span class="pplri8t-">features</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">shared libraries</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">SDK</span>.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Update.</span> Displayed for an app that has a higher version code than the installed app.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Reinstall.</span> Displayed for an app that has the same version code as the installed app.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Downgrade.</span> Displayed for an app that has a lower version code than the installed app.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Manifest.</span> Clicking on this button displays the app’s manifest file in a separate page. The manifest file can be wrapped or unwrapped using the corresponding toggle button (on the top-right side) or can be saved to you shared storage using the save button.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Scanner.</span> Clicking on this button displays the app’s tracker and library information. At first, it scans the app to extract a list of classes. Then the class list is matched with a number of signatures. After that, a scan summary is displayed.<br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-1050002.7"><span class="pplri8t-">Scanner page</span></a></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Shared Prefs.</span> Clicking on this button displays a list of shared preferences used by the app. Clicking on a preference item in the list opens the <a href="#x1-1190002.9">Shared Preferences Editor page</a>. This option is only visible to the root users.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Databases.</span> Clicking on this button displays a list of databases used by the app. This needs more improvements, and a database editor which might be added in the future. This option is only visible to the root users.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">F-Droid.</span> Opens the app in your favourite <span class="pplri8t-">F-Droid</span> client.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Store.</span> Opens the app in <span class="pplri8t-">Aurora Store</span>. The option is only visible if <span class="pplri8t-">Aurora</span> <span class="pplri8t-">Store</span> is installed.</li>
</ul>
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<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.2.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-38" id="x1-380002.2.2.3">Options Menu</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">Options-menu is located in the top-right corner of the page. A complete description of the options present there are given below:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Share.</span> Share button can be used to share the APK file or <span class="pplri8t-">APKS</span> file (if the app is has multiple splits) can be imported into <a href="https://github.com/Aefyr/SAI">SAI</a>. You can share it with your favourite file manager to save the file in your shared storage.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Refresh.</span> Refreshes the App Info tab.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">View in Settings.</span> Opens the app in Android Settings.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Backup/Restore.</span> Opens the backup/restore dialog.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Export Blocking Rules.</span> Export rules configured for this app within App Manager.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Backup options.</span> Same as the <a href="#x1-1420003.2.2">backup options</a> of the backup/restore feature. If not set, the default options will be used.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Run in Termux.</span> Open the app using <span class="ectt-1000">run-as package_name</span> in Termux. This is only applicable for the debuggable apps and works for both root and ADB users. See §<a href="#x1-390002.2.2.4">2.2.2.4</a> to learn how to configure Termux to run commands from third-party applications.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Extract Icon.</span> Extract and save the app’s icon in your desired location.</li>
</ul>
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<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-39" id="x1-390002.2.2.4">Termux</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">By default, Termux does not allow running commands from third-party applications. To enable this option, you have to add <span class="ectt-1000">allow-external-apps=true</span> in <span class="ectt-1000">~/.termux/termux.properties</span>, and make sure that you are running Termux v0.96 or later.</p>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> Enabling this option does not weaken your Termux’ security. The third-party apps still need to request the user to allow running arbitrary commands in Termux like any other dangerous permissions.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-40" id="x1-400002.2.3">Component Tabs</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Activities</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">Services</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">Receivers</span> (originally <span class="pplri8t-">broadcast receivers</span>) and <span class="pplb8t-">Providers</span> (originally <span class="pplri8t-">Content Providers</span>) are together called the application components. This is because they share similar features in many ways. For example, they all have a <span class="pplri8t-">name</span> and a <span class="pplri8t-">label</span>. Application components are the building blocks of any application, and most of these have to declared in the application manifest. Application manifest is a file where application specific metadata are stored. The Android operating system learns what to do with an app by reading the metadata. Colours used in these tabs are explained in §<a href="#x1-340002.2.1">2.2.1</a>. You also have the ability to sort the list of components to display blocked or tracker components on top of the list using the <span class="pplb8t-">Sort</span> option in the overflow menu. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-41" id="x1-410002.2.3.1">Activities</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Activities</span> are windows or pages that you can browse (for instance <span class="pplri8t-">Main page</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">App Details page</span> are two separate activities). In other words, an activity is a user interface (UI) component. Each activity can have multiple UI components known as <span class="pplri8t-">widgets</span> or <span class="pplri8t-">fragments</span>, and similarly, each of these latter components can have multiple of them nested or on top of each other. But an activity is the <span class="pplri8t-">master</span> component: There cannot be two nested activities. An application author can also choose to open external files within an activity using a method called <span class="pplri8t-">intent filters</span>. When you try to open a file using your file manager, either your file manager or system scans for intent filters to decide which activities can open that particular file and offers you to open the file with these activities (therefore, it is nothing to do with the application itself). There are other intent filters as well. </p>
<p class="indent">Activities which are <span class="pplri8t-">exportable</span> can be usually opened by any third-party apps (some activities require permissions, if that is the case, only an app having those permissions can open them). In the <span class="pplri8t-">Activities</span> tab, the name of the activity (on top of each list item) is actually a button. It is enabled for the <span class="pplri8t-">exportable</span> activities and disabled for others (root users can open any activities). You can click on the button to open the activity directly in App Manager. You can also open the Interceptor page by long clicking on an activity. Currently, it only works for <span class="pplri8t-">exportable</span> activities.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-4"><!--l. 238-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> If you are not able to open any activity, chances are it has certain dependencies which are not met, e.g. you cannot open <span class="pplri8t-">App Details Activity</span> because it requires that you at least supply a package name. These dependencies cannot always be inferred programmatically. Therefore, you cannot open them using App Manager.</p>

</div>
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<p class="indent">You can also create shortcut for these <span class="pplri8t-">exportable</span> activities (using the dedicated button), and if you want, you can edit the shortcut as well using the <span class="pplri8t-">Edit Shortcut</span> button.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-5"><!--l. 247-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> If you uninstall App Manager, all shortcuts created by App Manager will be lost.</p>

</div>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-42" id="x1-420002.2.3.2">Services</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">Unlike <a href="#x1-410002.2.3.1">activities</a> which users can see, <span class="pplb8t-">Services</span> handle background tasks. If you’re, for example, downloading a video from the internet using your phone’s Internet browser, the Internet browser is using a foreground service to download the content. </p>
<p class="indent">When you close an activity, it usually gets destroyed immediately (depending on many factors such as how much free memory your phone has). But services can be run for indefinite periods if desired. If more services are running in background, your phone will get slower due to shortage of memory and/or processing power, and your phone’s battery can be drained more quickly. Newer Android versions have a battery optimisation feature enabled by default for all apps. With this feature enabled, the system can randomly terminate any service. </p>
<p class="indent">Configure in-app language. App Manager currently supports 15 (fifteen) languages. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-43" id="x1-430002.2.3.3">Receivers</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent">Configure in-app theme. 
</p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.3.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-44" id="x1-440002.2.3.4">Providers</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Providers</span> (also called <span class="pplri8t-">content providers</span>) are used for data management. For example, when you save an apk file or export rules in App Manager, it uses a content provider called ‘androidx.core.content.FileProvider‘ to save the APK or export the rules. There are other content providers or even custom ones to manage various content-related tasks such as database management, tracking, searching, etc. Each content provider has a field called <span class="pplri8t-">Authority</span> which is unique to that particular app in the entire Android eco-system just like the package name. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.3.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-45" id="x1-450002.2.3.5">Additional Features for Rooted Phones</a></h5>
<!--l. 290-->
<p class="noindent">Unlike non-root users who are mostly spectators in these tabs, root users can perform various operations. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-460002.2.3.5" id="x1-460002.2.3.5">Blocking Components</a></span> On the right-most side of each component item, there is a “block” icon (which becomes a “unblock/restore” icon when the component is being blocked). This icon (actually, a button) can be used to toggle the blocking status of that particular component. If you do not have <a href="#x1-860002.6.6.1">Instant Component Blocking</a> enabled or haven’t applied blocking for the app before, you have to apply the changes using the <span class="pplb8t-">Apply rules</span> option in three-dots menu. You can also remove already applied rules using the same option (which would be read as <span class="pplb8t-">Remove rules</span> this time). </p>
<p class="noindent">Turning off this option disables the <span class="pplb8t-">App Usage</span> page as well as <span class="pplri8t-">data usage</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">app</span> <span class="pplri8t-">storage info</span> in the <a href="#x1-350002.2.2">App Info tab</a>. With this option turned off, App Manager will never ask for <span class="pplri8t-">Usage Access</span> permission. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-470002.2.3.5" id="x1-470002.2.3.5">Blocking Trackers</a></span> <a id="likesection.5"></a> You can disable tracker components using the <span class="pplb8t-">Block tracker</span> option in the three-dots menu. All tracker components will be blocked regardless of the tab you’re currently in.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-6"><!--l. 308-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> Tracker components are a subset of app components. Therefore, they are blocked using the same method used for blocking any other components.</p>

</div>
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<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="am-see-also"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="#x1-1550004.1.7"><span class="pplri8t-">FAQ: Tracker classes versus tracker components</span></a> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="#x1-1050002.7"><span class="pplri8t-">Scanner Page</span></a> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="#x1-550002.3.1"><span class="pplri8t-">1-Click Ops Page: Block/Unblock Trackers</span></a> 

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-48" id="x1-480002.2.4">Permission Tabs</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">App Ops</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">Uses Permissions</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">Permissions</span> tabs are related to permissions. In Android communication between apps or processes which do not have the same identity (known as <span class="pplri8t-">shared id</span>) often require permission(s). These permissions are managed by the permission controller. Some permissions are considered <span class="pplri8t-">normal</span> permissions which are granted automatically if they appear in the application manifest, but <span class="pplri8t-">dangerous</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">development</span> permissions require confirmation from the user. Colours used in these tabs are explained in §<a href="#x1-340002.2.1">2.2.1</a>. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.4.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-49" id="x1-490002.2.4.1">App Ops</a></h5>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">App Ops</span> stands for <span class="pplb8t-">Application Operations</span>. Since Android 4.3, <span class="pplri8t-">App Ops</span> are used by Android system to control most of the application permissions. Each app op has a unique number associated with them which are closed inside first brackets in the App Ops tab. They also have private and optionally a public name. Some app ops are associated with <span class="pplri8t-">permissions</span> as well. The dangerousness of an app op is decided based on the associated permission, and other informations such as <span class="pplri8t-">flags</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permission name</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permission description</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">package name</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">group</span> are taken from the associated <a href="#x1-510002.2.4.3">permission</a>. Other information may include the following:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Mode.</span> It describes the current authorisation status which can be <span class="pplri8t-">allow</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">deny</span> (a rather misnomer, it simply means error), <span class="pplri8t-">ignore</span> (it actually means deny), <span class="pplri8t-">default</span> (inferred from a list of defaults set internally by the vendor), <span class="pplri8t-">foreground</span> (in newer Androids, it means the app op can only be used when the app is running in foreground), and some custom modes set by the vendors (MIUI uses <span class="pplri8t-">ask</span> and other modes with just numbers without any associated names).</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Duration.</span> The amount of time this app op has been used (there can be negative durations whose use cases are currently not known to me).</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Accept Time.</span> Last time the app op was accepted.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Reject Time.</span> Last time the app op was rejected.</li>
</ul>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-7"><!--l. 350-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> Contents of this tab are only visible to the root and <a href="#x1-1210003.1">ADB</a> users.</p>

</div>
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<p class="indent">There is a toggle button next to each app op item which can be used to allow or deny (ignore) the app op. You can also reset your changes using the <span class="pplri8t-">Reset to default</span> option or deny all dangerous app ops using the corresponding option in the menu. You can also sort them in ascending order by app op names and the associated unique numbers (or values). You can also list the denied app ops first using the corresponding sorting option.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-8"><!--l. 359-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Warning.</span> Denying an app op may cause the app to misbehave. Use the <span class="pplri8t-">reset to</span> <span class="pplri8t-">default</span> option if that is the case.</p>

</div>
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<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-220000C"><span class="pplri8t-">Appendix: App Ops</span></a></p>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.4.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-50" id="x1-500002.2.4.2">Uses Permissions</a></h5>
<!--l. 366-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Uses Permissions</span> are the permissions used by the application. This is named so because they are declared in the manifest using <span class="ectt-1000">uses-permission</span> tags. Information such as <span class="pplri8t-">flags</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permission name</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">permission description</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">package name</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">group</span> are taken from the associated <a href="#x1-510002.2.4.3">permission</a>. </p>
<p class="indent">One-click option to remove all rules configured within App Manager. This will enable all blocked components, app ops will be set to their default values and permissions will be granted.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-9"><!--l. 377-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> Since dangerous permissions are revoked by default by the system, revoking all dangerous permissions is the same as resetting all permissions.</p>

</div>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-10"><!--l. 382-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Permissions cannot be changed for apps targeting API 23 or earlier. Therefore, permission toggles are disabled for such apps.</p>

</div>
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<p class="indent">Users can sort the permissions by permission name (in ascending order) or choose to display denied or dangerous permissions at first using the corresponding options in the menu.</p>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.4.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-51" id="x1-510002.2.4.3">Permissions</a></h5>
<!--l. 391-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Permissions</span> are usually custom permissions defined by the app itself. It could contain regular permissions as well, mostly in old applications. Here’s a complete description of each item that is displayed there:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Name.</span> Each permission has a unique name like <span class="ectt-1000">android.permission.INTERNET</span> but multiple app can request the permission.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Icon.</span> Each permission can have a custom icon. The other permission tabs do not have any icon because they do not contain any icon in the app manifest.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Description.</span> This optional field describes the permission. If there isn’t any description associated with the permission, the field is not displayed.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Flags.</span> (Uses the flag symbol or <span class="pplb8t-">Protection Level</span> name) This describes various permission flags such as <span class="pplri8t-">normal</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">development</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">dangerous</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">instant</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">granted</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">revoked</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">signature</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">privileged</span>, etc.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Package Name.</span> Denotes the package name associated with the permission, i.e. the package that defined the permission.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Group.</span> The group name associated with the permission (if any). Newer Androids do not seem to use group names which is why you’ll usually see <span class="ectt-1000">android.permission-group.UNDEFINED</span> or no group name at all.</li>
</ul>
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<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-52" id="x1-520002.2.5">Signatures Tab</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Set which compression method to be used during backups. App Manager supports GZip and BZip2 compression methods, GZip being the default compression method. It doesn’t affect the restore of an existing backup.</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb2"><a id="x1-52002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> 320c0c0fe8cef873f2b554cb88c837f1512589dcced50c5b25c43c04596760ab</span></div>
<!--l. 428-->
<p class="indent">There are three types of checksums displayed there: <span class="pplri8t-">MD5</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">SHA1</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">SHA256</span>.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-11"><!--l. 430-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> It is recommended that you verify signing info using only <span class="pplri8t-">SHA256</span> checksums or all three of them. DO NOT rely on <span class="pplri8t-">MD5</span> or <span class="pplri8t-">SHA1</span> checksums only as they are known to generate the same results for multiple certificates.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.2.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-53" id="x1-530002.2.6">Other Tabs</a></h4>
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<p class="noindent">Set an encryption method for the backups. AM currently supports OpenPGP only.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-54" id="x1-540002.3">1-Click Ops Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">This page appears after clicking on the <a href="#x1-250002.1.5.3">1-Click Ops option</a> in the <a href="#x1-200002.1.5">main menu</a>. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-104" id="x1-1040002.6.9">Device Info</a></h4>
<!--l. 6-->
<p class="noindent">Display Android version, security, CPU, GPU, battery, memory, screen, languages, user info, etc.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-12"><!--l. 12-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Certain apps may not function as expected after applying the blocking. If that is the case, remove blocking rules all at once or one by one in the component tabs of the corresponding <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a>.</p>

</div>
<!--l. 17-->
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="am-see-also"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="#x1-1560004.1.8"><span class="pplri8t-">How to unblock the tracker components blocked using 1-Click Ops or Batch</span> <span class="pplri8t-">Ops?</span></a> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="#x1-470002.2.3.5"><span class="pplri8t-">App Details Page: Blocking Trackers</span></a> 

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-56" id="x1-560002.3.2">Block Components…</a></h4>
<!--l. 23-->
<p class="noindent">This option can be used to block certain app components denoted by the signatures. App signature is the full name or partial name of the components. For safety, it is recommended that you should add a <span class="ectt-1000">.</span> (dot) at the end of each partial signature name as the algorithm used here chooses all matched components in a greedy manner. You can insert more than one signature in which case all signatures have to be separated by spaces. Similar to the option above, there is an option to apply blocking to system apps as well.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-13"><!--l. 29-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> If you are not aware of the consequences of blocking app components by signature(s), you should avoid using this setting as it may result in boot loop or soft brick, and you may have to apply factory reset in order to use your OS.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-57" id="x1-570002.3.3">Set Mode for App Ops…</a></h4>
<!--l. 35-->
<p class="noindent">This option can be used to configure certain <a href="#x1-220000C">app operations</a> of all or selected apps. You can insert more than one app op constants separated by spaces. It is not always possible to know in advance about all the app op constants as they vary from device to device and from OS to OS. To find the desired app op constant, browse the <span class="pplri8t-">App Ops</span> tab in the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a>. The constants are integers closed inside brackets next to each app op name. You can also use the app op names. You also have to select one of the <a href="#x1-225000C.3.2">modes</a> that will be applied against the app ops.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-14"><!--l. 42-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> Unless you are well-informed about app ops and the consequences of blocking them, you should avoid using this feature as it may result in boot loop or soft brick, and you may have to apply factory reset in order to use your OS.</p>

</div>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-58" id="x1-580002.4">Profiles Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">Profiles page can be accessed from the options-menu in the main page. It displays a list of configured profiles. Profiles can be added using the <span class="pplri8t-">plus</span> button at the bottom-right corner, imported from the import option, created from one of the presets or even duplicated from an already existing profile. Clicking on any profile opens the <a href="#x1-600002.5">profile page</a>. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.4.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-59" id="x1-590002.4.1">Options Menu</a></h4>
<!--l. 8-->
<p class="noindent">There are two options menu in this page. The three dots menu at the top-right offers two options such as <span class="pplri8t-">presets</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">import</span>.</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Presets.</span> Presets option lists a number of built-in profiles that can be used as a starting point. The profiles are generated from the project <a href="https://gitlab.com/W1nst0n/universal-android-debloater">Universal Android Debloater</a>.<br class="newline" /> <span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-1670004.3.5"><span class="pplri8t-">FAQ: What are bloatware and how to remove them?</span></a></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Import.</span> This option can be used to import an existing profile.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 19-->
<p class="indent">Another options menu appears when you long click on any profile. They have options such as–</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Apply now</span><span class="pplb8t-">….</span> This option can be used to apply the profile directly. When clicked, a dialog will be displayed where you can select a <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">profile state</a>. On selecting one of the options, the profile will be applied immediately.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Delete.</span> Clicking on delete will remove the profile immediately without any warning.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Duplicate.</span> This option can be used to duplicate the profile. When clicked, an input box will be displayed where you can set the profile name. If you click “OK”, a new profile will be created and the <a href="#x1-600002.5">profile page</a> will be loaded. The profile will not be saved until you save it manually.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Export.</span> Export the profile to an external storage. Profile exported this way can be imported using the <span class="pplri8t-">import</span> option in the three dots menu.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Create shortcut.</span> This option can be used to create a shortcut for the profile. When clicked, there will be two options: <span class="pplri8t-">Simple</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">Advanced</span>. The latter option allows you to set the profile state before applying it while the former option use the default state that was configured when the profile was last saved.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 1-->

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-60" id="x1-600002.5">Profile Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">Profile page displays the configurations for a profile. It also offers editing them.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-15"><!--l. 4-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> When you apply a profile, if some packages do not match the criteria, they will simply be ignored.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-61" id="x1-610002.5.1">Options Menu</a></h4>
<!--l. 9-->
<p class="noindent">The three dots menu on the top-right corner opens the options-menu. It contains several options such as–</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Apply.</span> This option can be used to apply the profile. When clicked, a dialog will be displayed where you can select a <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">profile state</a>. On selecting one of the options, the profile will be applied immediately.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Save.</span> Allows you to save the profile.
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-16"><!--l. 15-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Changes are never saved automatically. You have to save them manually from here.</p>

</div>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Discard.</span> Discard any modifications made since the last save.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Delete.</span> Clicking on delete will remove the profile immediately without any warning.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Duplicate.</span> This option can be used to duplicate the profile. When clicked, an input box will be displayed where you can set the profile name. If you click “OK”, a new profile will be created, and the page will be reloaded. The profile will not be saved until you save it manually.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Create shortcut.</span> This option can be used to create a shortcut for the profile. When clicked, there will be two options: <span class="pplri8t-">Simple</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">Advanced</span>. The latter option allows you to set the profile state before applying it while the former option uses the default state that was configured when the profile was last saved.</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-62" id="x1-620002.5.2">Apps Tab</a></h4>
<!--l. 29-->
<p class="noindent">Apps tab lists the packages configured under this profile. Packages can be added or removed using the <span class="pplri8t-">plus</span> button located near the bottom of the screen. Packages can also be removed by long clicking on them (in which case, a popup will be displayed with the only option <span class="pplri8t-">delete</span>). </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-63" id="x1-630002.5.3">Configurations Tab</a></h4>
<!--l. 34-->
<p class="noindent">Configurations tab can be used to configure the selected packages. Description of each item is given below: </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-64" id="x1-640002.5.3.1">Comment</a></h5>
<!--l. 37-->
<p class="noindent">This is the text that will be displayed in the <a href="#x1-580002.4">profiles page</a>. If not set, the current configurations will be displayed instead. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-65" id="x1-650002.5.3.2">State</a></h5>
<!--l. 41-->
<p class="noindent">Shared preferences can be edited in this page. Clicking any item on the list opens the edit dialog where the item can be edited. The floating action button on the bottom-right corner can be used to add a new item. To save or delete the file, or to discard current changes, the respective options in the menu can be used. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-66" id="x1-660002.5.3.3">Users</a></h5>
<!--l. 46-->
<p class="noindent">Many root-only features can still be used by enabling ADB over TCP. To do that, a PC or Mac is required with Android platform-tools installed, and an Android phone with developer options & USB debugging enabled. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-67" id="x1-670002.5.3.4">Components</a></h5>
<!--l. 49-->
<p class="noindent">This behaves the same way as the <a href="#x1-560002.3.2">Block Components…</a> option does in the 1-Click Ops page. However, this only applies for the selected packages. If the <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">state</a> is <span class="pplri8t-">on</span>, the components will be blocked, and if the state is <span class="pplri8t-">off</span>, the components will be unblocked. The option can be disabled (regardless of the inserted values) by clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">disabled</span> button on the input dialog. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-1570004.2"><span class="pplri8t-">FAQ: ADB over TCP</span></a> </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-68" id="x1-680002.5.3.5">App Ops</a></h5>
<!--l. 58-->
<p class="noindent">This behaves the same way as the <a href="#x1-570002.3.3">Set Mode for App Ops…</a> option does in the 1-Click Ops page. However, this only applies for the selected packages. If the <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">state</a> is <span class="pplri8t-">on</span>, the app ops will be denied (ie. ignored), and if the state is <span class="pplri8t-">off</span>, the app ops will be allowed. The option can be disabled (regardless of the inserted values) by clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">disabled</span> button on the input dialog. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-69" id="x1-690002.5.3.6">Permissions</a></h5>
<!--l. 65-->
<p class="noindent">This option can be used to grant or revoke certain permissions from the selected packages. Like others above, permissions must be separated by spaces. If the <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">state</a> is <span class="pplri8t-">on</span>, the permissions will be revoked, and if the state is <span class="pplri8t-">off</span>, the permissions will be allowed. The option can be disabled (regardless of the inserted values) by clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">disabled</span> button on the input dialog. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-70" id="x1-700002.5.3.7">Backup/Restore</a></h5>
<!--l. 71-->
<p class="noindent">After <a href="#x1-1230003.1.1.1">locating the developer options</a>, enable <span class="pplb8t-">Developer option</span> (if not already). After that, scroll down a bit until you will find the option <span class="pplb8t-">USB debugging</span>. Use the toggle button on the right hand side to enable it. At this point, you may get an alert prompt where you may have to click <span class="pplri8t-">OK</span> to actually enable it. You may also have to enable some other options depending on device vendor and ROM. Here are some examples:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Backup options.</span> Same as the <a href="#x1-1420003.2.2">backup options</a> of the backup/restore feature. If not set, the default options will be used.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Backup name.</span> Set a custom name for the backup. If the backup name is set, each time a backup is made, it will be given a unique name with backup-name as the suffix. This behaviour will be fixed in a future release. Leave this field empty for regular or “base” backup (also, make sure not to enable <span class="pplri8t-">backup multiple</span> in the backup options).</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 82-->
<p class="indent">If the <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">state</a> is <span class="pplri8t-">on</span>, the packages will be backed up, and if the state is <span class="pplri8t-">off</span>, the packages will be restored. The option can be disabled by clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">disabled</span> button on the input dialog. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-71" id="x1-710002.5.3.8">Export Blocking Rules</a></h5>
<!--l. 87-->
<p class="noindent">This option allows you to export blocking rules.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-17"><!--l. 89-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Danger.</span> This option is not yet implemented.</p>

</div>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-72" id="x1-720002.5.3.9">Disable</a></h5>
<!--l. 94-->
<p class="noindent">Enabling this option will enable/disable the selected packages depending on the <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">state</a>. If the state is <span class="pplri8t-">on</span>, the packages will be disabled, and if the state is <span class="pplri8t-">off</span>, the packages will be enabled. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.10</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-73" id="x1-730002.5.3.10">Force-stop</a></h5>
<!--l. 98-->
<p class="noindent">Enabling this option will allow the selected packages to be force-stopped. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.11</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-74" id="x1-740002.5.3.11">Clear Cache</a></h5>
<!--l. 101-->
<p class="noindent">Enabling this option will enable clearing cache for the selected packages. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.12</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-75" id="x1-750002.5.3.12">Clear Data</a></h5>
<!--l. 104-->
<p class="noindent">In order to enable ADB over TCP, you have to set up ADB in your PC or Mac. <span class="pplbi8t-">Lineage OS users can skip to §</span><a href="#x1-1350003.1.4.1"><span class="pplbi8t-">3.1.4.1</span></a><span class="pplbi8t-">.</span> </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-131" id="x1-1310003.1.3.1">Windows</a></h5>
<!--l. 107-->
<p class="noindent">Enabling this option will block/unblock tracker components from the selected packages depending on the <a href="#x1-650002.5.3.2">state</a>. If the state is <span class="pplri8t-">on</span>, the trackers will be blocked, and if the state is <span class="pplri8t-">off</span>, the trackers will be unblocked. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.5.3.14</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-77" id="x1-770002.5.3.14">Backup APK</a></h5>
<!--l. 112-->
<p class="noindent">Enabling this option will enable APK backup for the selected packages. This is not the same as <a href="#x1-1400003.2">backup/restore</a> as described there.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-78" id="x1-780002.6">Settings Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">Settings can be used to customise the behaviour of the app. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-79" id="x1-790002.6.1">Language</a></h4>
<!--l. 5-->
<p class="noindent">Configure in-app language. App Manager currently supports 15 (fifteen) languages. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-80" id="x1-800002.6.2">App Theme</a></h4>
<!--l. 8-->
<p class="noindent">Configure in-app theme. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-81" id="x1-810002.6.3">Mode of Operation</a></h4>
<!--l. 11-->
<p class="noindent">You can select one of the four options:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Auto.</span> Let AM decide the suitable option for you. Although this is the default option, it may cause problems in some devices.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Root.</span> Select root mode. By default, AM requests root permission if root is detected but hasn’t been granted. If this option is selected, AM will run in root mode even if root is unavailable or denied. This may cause crashes or freezing issues, therefore, shouldn’t be enabled if root is unavailable.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">ADB over TCP.</span> Enable <a href="#x1-1210003.1">ADB over TCP</a> mode. AM may hang indefinitely if ADB over TCP is not enabled.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">No-root.</span> AM runs in no-root mode. AM performs better if this is enabled but all the root/ADB features will be disabled.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 24-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-82" id="x1-820002.6.4">Usage Access</a></h4>
<!--l. 25-->
<p class="noindent">Turning off this option disables the <span class="pplb8t-">App Usage</span> page as well as <span class="pplri8t-">data usage</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">app</span> <span class="pplri8t-">storage info</span> in the <a href="#x1-350002.2.2">App Info tab</a>. With this option turned off, App Manager will never ask for <span class="pplri8t-">Usage Access</span> permission. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-83" id="x1-830002.6.5">APK Signing</a></h4>
<!--l. 31-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.5.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-84" id="x1-840002.6.5.1">Signature schemes</a></h5>
<!--l. 32-->
<p class="noindent">Select the <a href="https://source.android.com/security/apksigning">signature schemes</a> to use. It is recommended that you use at least v1 and v2 signature schemes. Use the <span class="pplri8t-">Reset to Default</span> button in case you’re confused. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-85" id="x1-850002.6.6">Rules</a></h4>
<!--l. 37-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-136" id="x1-1360003.1.4.2">Enable ADB over TCP via PC or Mac</a></h5>
<!--l. 38-->
<p class="noindent">For other ROMs, you can do this using the command prompt/PowerShell/terminal emulator that you’ve opened in the step 3 of the previous section. In this section, I will use <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> to denote <span class="ectt-1000">./adb</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> or any other command that you needed to use based on your platform and software in the previous section.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-18"><!--l. 42-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Enabling this setting may have some unintended consequences, such as rules that are not completely removed will be applied again. So, proceed with caution. This option should be kept disabled if not required for some reasons.</p>

</div>
<!--l. 47-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-1540004.1.6"><span class="pplri8t-">FAQ: What is instant component blocking?</span></a></p>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.6.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-87" id="x1-870002.6.6.2">Import/Export Blocking Rules</a></h5>
<!--l. 50-->
<p class="noindent">It is possible to import or export blocking rules within App Manager for all apps. There is a choice to export or import only certain rules (components, app ops or permissions) instead of all of them. It is also possible to import blocking rules from <a href="https://github.com/lihenggui/blocker">Blocker</a> and <a href="https://github.com/tuyafeng/Watt">Watt</a>. If it is necessary to export blocking rules for a single app, use the corresponding <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a> to export rules, or for multiple apps, use <a href="#x1-160002.1.1">batch operations</a>. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-169000A.1"><span class="pplri8t-">Rules Specification</span></a> </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-880002.6.6.2" id="x1-880002.6.6.2">Export</a></span> Export blocking rules for all apps configured within App Manager. This may include <a href="#x1-1490004.1.1">app components</a>, app ops and permissions based on the options selected in the multi-choice options. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-890002.6.6.2" id="x1-890002.6.6.2">Import</a></span> Import previously exported blocking rules from App Manager. Similar to export, this may include <a href="#x1-1490004.1.1">app components</a>, app ops and permissions based on the options selected in the multi-choice options. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-900002.6.6.2" id="x1-900002.6.6.2">Import Existing Rules</a></span> <a id="likesection.9"></a> Add components disabled by other apps to App Manager. App Manager only keeps track of component disabled within App Manager. If you use other tools to block app components, you can use this tools to import these disabled components. Clicking on this option triggers a search for disabled components and will lists apps with components disabled by user. For safety, all the apps are unselected by default. You can manually select the apps in the list and re-apply the blocking through App Manager.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-19"><!--l. 75-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> Be careful when using this tool as there can be many false positives. Choose only the apps that you are certain about.</p>

</div>
<!--l. 79-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-910002.6.6.2" id="x1-910002.6.6.2">Import from Watt</a></span> Import configuration files from <a href="https://github.com/tuyafeng/Watt">Watt</a>, each file containing rules for a single package and file name being the name of the package with <span class="ectt-1000">.xml</span> extension.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-20"><!--l. 82-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Tip.</span> Location of configuration files in Watt: <span class="ectt-1000">/sdcard/Android/data/com.tuyafeng.watt/files/ifw</span></p>

</div>
<!--l. 86-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-920002.6.6.2" id="x1-920002.6.6.2">Import from Blocker</a></span> Import blocking rules from <a href="https://github.com/lihenggui/blocker">Blocker</a>, each file containing rules for a single package. These files have a <span class="ectt-1000">.json</span> extension. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-138" id="x1-1380003.1.4.4">Stop ADB over TCP</a></h5>
<!--l. 90-->
<p class="noindent">In order to ensure device security, you should stop ADB over TCP right after AM detects it. To do that, connect your device to your PC or Mac and run the following command: </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-94" id="x1-940002.6.7">Installer</a></h4>
<!--l. 94-->
<p class="noindent">Installer specific options </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.7.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-95" id="x1-950002.6.7.1">Show users in installer</a></h5>
<!--l. 97-->
<p class="noindent">For root/ADB users, a list of users will be displayed before installing the app. The app will be installed only for the specified user (or all users if selected). </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.7.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-96" id="x1-960002.6.7.2">Sign APK</a></h5>
<!--l. 101-->
<p class="noindent">Whether to sign the APK files before installing the app. See <a href="#x1-830002.6.5">APK signing</a> section above to configure signing. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.7.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-97" id="x1-970002.6.7.3">Install location</a></h5>
<!--l. 105-->
<p class="noindent">Choose APK install location. This can be one of <span class="pplri8t-">auto</span>, <span class="pplri8t-">internal only</span> and <span class="pplri8t-">prefer external</span>. In newer Android versions, the last option may not always install the app in the external storage. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.7.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-98" id="x1-980002.6.7.4">Installer App</a></h5>
<!--l. 109-->
<p class="noindent">App Manager has a modern, advanced and easy-to-use backup/restore system implemented from the scratch. This is probably the only app that has the ability to restore not only the app or its data but also permissions and rules that you’ve configured within App Manager. You can also choose to back up an app multiple times (with custom names) or for all users. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-99" id="x1-990002.6.8">Backup/Restore</a></h4>
<!--l. 113-->
<p class="noindent">Settings related to <a href="#x1-1400003.2">backup/restore</a>. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.8.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-100" id="x1-1000002.6.8.1">Compression method</a></h5>
<!--l. 116-->
<p class="noindent">Set which compression method to be used during backups. App Manager supports GZip and BZip2 compression methods, GZip being the default compression method. It doesn’t affect the restore of an existing backup. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.8.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-101" id="x1-1010002.6.8.2">Backup Options</a></h5>
<!--l. 120-->
<p class="noindent">Customise the backup/restore dialog. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.8.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-102" id="x1-1020002.6.8.3">Backup apps with Android KeyStore</a></h5>
<!--l. 123-->
<p class="noindent">Allow backup of apps that has entries in the Android KeyStore (disabled by default). Some apps (such as Signal) may crash if restored. KeyStore backup also doesn’t work from Android 9 but still kept as many apps having KeyStore can be restored without problem. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.8.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-103" id="x1-1030002.6.8.4">Encryption</a></h5>
<!--l. 128-->
<p class="noindent">Set an encryption method for the backups. AM currently supports OpenPGP only.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-21"><!--l. 130-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> In v2.5.16, App Manager doesn’t remember key IDs for a particular backup. You have to remember them yourself. This has been fixed in v2.5.18.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.6.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-104" id="x1-1040002.6.9">Device Info</a></h4>
<!--l. 135-->
<p class="noindent">Display Android version, security, CPU, GPU, battery, memory, screen, languages, user info, etc.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-105" id="x1-1050002.7">Scanner Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Scanner page</span> appears after clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">scanner</span> button in the <a href="#x1-350002.2.2">App Info tab</a>. External APK files can also be opened for scanning from file managers, web browsers, etc. </p>
<p class="indent">It scans for trackers and libraries, and displays the number of trackers and libraries as a summary. It also displays checksums of the APK file as well as the signing certificate(s).</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-22"><!--l. 8-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Disclaimer.</span> AM only scans an app statically without prejudice. The app may provide the options for opting out, or in some cases, certain features of the tracker may not be used at all by the app (e.g. F-Droid), or some apps may simply use them as placeholders to prevent the breaking of certain features (e.g. Fennec F-Droid). <span class="pplb8t-">The intention of the scanner is to give you an idea about what</span> <span class="pplb8t-">the APK might contain. It should be taken as an initial step for further</span> <span class="pplb8t-">investigations.</span></p>

</div>
<!--l. 16-->
<p class="indent">Clicking on the first item (i.e. number of classes) opens a new page containing a list of tracker classes for the app. All classes can also be viewed by clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">Toggle Class Listing</span> menu. A sneak-peek of each class can be viewed by simply clicking on any class item.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-23"><!--l. 20-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Due to various limitations, it is not possible to scan all the components of an APK file. This is especially true if an APK is highly obfuscated. The scanner also does not check strings (or website signatures).</p>

</div>
<!--l. 25-->
<p class="indent">Restore respects all the backup options and will fail if <span class="pplb8t-">Source</span> option is set, but the backup doesn’t contain any source backups or in other cases, if the app isn’t installed. When restoring backups for multiple packages, you can only restore the base backups (see <a href="#x1-1430003.2.3">backup</a> section for an explanation). However, when restoring backups for a single package, you have the option to select which backup to restore. If <span class="pplb8t-">All users</span> option is set, AM will restore the selected backup for all users in the latter case but in the former case, it will restore base backups for the respective users. 
</p>
<p class="indent">The third item lists the number of libraries along with their names. The information are mostly taken from <a href="https://gitlab.com/IzzyOnDroid/repo">IzzyOnDroid repo</a>. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-1550004.1.7"><span class="pplri8t-">FAQ: Tracker classes vs tracker components</span></a></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.7.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-106" id="x1-1060002.7.1">Missing Signatures</a></h4>
<!--l. 36-->
<p class="noindent">At the bottom of the page, there is a special item denoting the number of missing signatures (i.e. missing classes). The missing signatures are the ones that AM has failed to match against any known libraries. The number itself has no particular meaning as many libraries contain hundreds of classes, but clicking on the item will bring up a dialog containing the signatures which is helpful in inspecting the missing signatures. <span class="pplb8t-">This feature is only intended for people who know what a</span> <span class="pplb8t-">missing signature is and what to do with it, average users should just ignore</span> <span class="pplb8t-">it.</span></p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-107" id="x1-1070002.8">Interceptor Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">Interceptor can be used to intercept communication between apps using <span class="ectt-1000">Intent</span>. It works as a man-in-the-middle between the source and the destination apps. It offers a feature-complete user interface for editing <span class="ectt-1000">Intent</span>s.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-24"><!--l. 5-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> Development of interceptor is still in progress. It can only intercept activities for now.</p>

</div>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-25"><!--l. 9-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Warning.</span> Interceptor only works for <span class="pplri8t-">implicit</span> intents where the <a href="#x1-1490004.1.1">app component</a> isn’t specified.</p>

</div>
<!--l. 14-->
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="am-see-also"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-common"><span class="pplri8t-">Common Intents</span></a> <span class="pplri8c-">•</span> <a href="https://developer.android.com/guide/components/intents-filters"><span class="pplri8t-">Intents and Intent Filters</span></a> 

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-108" id="x1-1080002.8.1">Intent Filters</a></h4>
<!--l. 20-->
<p class="noindent">Intent filters are used by the apps to specify which tasks they are able to perform or which tasks they are going to perform using other apps. For example, when you’re opening a PDF file using a file manager, the file manager will try to find which apps to open the PDF with. To find the right applications, the file manager will create an Intent with filters such as MIME type and ask the system to retrieve the matched applications that is able to open this filter. The system will search through the Manifest of the installed applications to match the filter and list the app components that are able to open this filter (in our case the PDF). At this, either the file manager will open the desired app component itself or use a system provided option to open it. If multiple app components are able to open it and no default is set, you may get a prompt where you have to choose the right app component. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-109" id="x1-1090002.8.1.1">Action</a></h5>
<!--l. 30-->
<p class="noindent">Action specifies the generic action to perform such as <span class="ectt-1000">android.intent.action.VIEW</span>. Applications often declare the relevant actions in the Manifest file to catch the desired Intents. The action is particularly useful for broadcast Intent where it plays a vital rule. In other cases, it works as an initial way to filter out relevant app components. Generic actions such as <span class="ectt-1000">android.intent.action.VIEW</span> and <span class="ectt-1000">android.intent.action.SEND</span> are widely used by apps. So, setting this alone may match many app components. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-110" id="x1-1100002.8.1.2">Data</a></h5>
<!--l. 37-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">No.</span> But components blocked by the Android System or any other tools are displayed in the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a> (within the component tabs). In v2.5.12 and onwards, you can import these rules in <a href="#x1-900002.6.6.2">Settings</a>. But since there is no way to distinguish between components blocked by third-party apps and components blocked by the System, you should be very careful when choosing app. </p>
<p class="indent">Examples:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb3"><a id="x1-110002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000">http://search.disroot.org/?q=URI%20in%20Android%20scheme&amp;categories=general&amp;language=en-US</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-110004r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000">https://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/Uri</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-110006r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000">file:///sdcard/AppManager.apk</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-110008r4"></a><span class="ectt-1000">mailto:email@example.com</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-110010r5"></a><span class="ectt-1000">content://io.github.muntashirakon.AppManager.provider/23485af89b08d87e898a90c7e/AppManager.apk</span></div>
<!--l. 51-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-111" id="x1-1110002.8.1.3">MIME Type</a></h5>
<!--l. 52-->
<p class="noindent">MIME type of the <a href="#x1-1100002.8.1.2">data</a>. For example, if the data field is set to <span class="ectt-1000">file:///sdcard/AppManager.apk</span>, the associated MIME type can be <span class="ectt-1000">application/vnd.android.package-archive</span>. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-112" id="x1-1120002.8.1.4">Categories</a></h5>
<!--l. 56-->
<p class="noindent">This is similar to <a href="#x1-1090002.8.1.1">action</a> in the sense that it is also used by the system to filter app components. This has no further benefits. Unlike <span class="pplri8t-">action</span>, there can be more than one category. Clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">plus</span> button next to the title allows adding more categories. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-113" id="x1-1130002.8.1.5">Flags</a></h5>
<!--l. 61-->
<p class="noindent">Some apps may misbehave due to their dependency to tracker components blocked by AM. From v2.5.12, there is an option to unblock tracker components in the <a href="#x1-540002.3">1-Click Ops page</a>. However, in previous versions, there is no such options. To unblock these tracker components, first go to the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a> of the misbehaving app. Then, switching to the <span class="pplri8t-">Activities</span> tab, click on the <span class="pplri8t-">Remove rules</span> options in the top-right menu. All the blocking rules related to the components of the app will be removed immediately. Alternatively, if you have found the component that is causing the issue, you can unblock the component by clicking on the <span class="pplri8t-">unblock</span> button next to the component name. If you have enabled <a href="#x1-860002.6.6.1">instant component blocking</a> in Settings, disable it first as <span class="pplri8t-">Remove rules</span> option will not be visible when it is enabled. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-114" id="x1-1140002.8.1.6">Extras</a></h5>
<!--l. 66-->
<p class="noindent">Extras are the key-value pairs used for supplying additional information to the destination component. You can add extras using the <span class="pplri8t-">plus</span> button next to the title. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.1.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-115" id="x1-1150002.8.1.7">URI</a></h5>
<!--l. 70-->
<p class="noindent">Represents the entire Intent as a URI (e.g. <span class="ectt-1000">intent://</span><span class="ectt-1000">…</span>). Some data cannot be converted to string, and as a result, they might not appear here. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.8.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-116" id="x1-1160002.8.2">Matching Activities</a></h4>
<!--l. 74-->
<p class="noindent">List all the activity components that matches the Intent. This is internally determined by the system (rather than AM). The launch button next to each component can be used to launch them directly from AM. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-158" id="x1-1580004.2.1">Do I have to enable ADB over TCP everytime I restart?</a></h4>
<!--l. 78-->
<p class="noindent">Unfortunately, yes. However, as of v2.5.13, you don’t need to keep AoT enabled all the time as it now uses a server-client mechanism to interact with the system, but you do have to keep the <span class="pplb8t-">Developer options</span> as well as <span class="pplb8t-">USB debugging</span> enabled. To do that, enable <a href="#x1-1210003.1">ADB over TCP</a> and open App Manager. You should see <span class="pplri8t-">working on</span> <span class="pplri8t-">ADB mode</span> toast message in the bottom. If you see it, you can safely stop the server. For Lineage OS or its derivative OS, you can toggle AoT without any PC or Mac by simply toggling the <span class="pplb8t-">ADB over network</span> option located just below the <span class="pplb8t-">USB debugging</span>, but the server can’t be stopped for the latter case. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-159" id="x1-1590004.2.2">Cannot enable USB debugging. What to do?</a></h4>
<!--l. 81-->
<p class="noindent">See §<a href="#x1-1250003.1.2">3.1.2</a> in Chapter <a href="#x1-1200003">3</a>.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">2.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-119" id="x1-1190002.9">Shared Preferences Editor Page</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">Shared preferences can be edited in this page. Clicking any item on the list opens the edit dialog where the item can be edited. The floating action button on the bottom-right corner can be used to add a new item. To save or delete the file, or to discard current changes, the respective options in the menu can be used.</p>
<h2 class="chapterHead"><span class="titlemark">Chapter 3</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-120" id="x1-1200003">Guides</a></h2>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-121" id="x1-1210003.1">ADB over TCP</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">Most of the features supported by ADB mode are enabled by default once ADB support is detected by AM. These include disable, force-stop, clear data, grant/revoke app ops and permissions. You can also install applications without any prompt and view <a href="#x1-280002.1.5.6">running apps/processes</a>.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-26"><!--l. 5-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Root users.</span> If superuser permission has been granted to App Manager, it can already execute privileged code without any problem. <span class="pplb8t-">Therefore, root users don’t</span> <span class="pplb8t-">need to enable ADB over TCP.</span> If you still want to use ADB over TCP, you must revoke superuser permission for App Manager and restart your device. You may see <span class="pplri8t-">working on ADB mode</span> message without restarting but this isn’t entirely true. The server (used as an interface between system and App Manager) is still running in root mode. This is a known issue and will be fixed in a future version of App Manager.</p>

</div>
<!--l. 13-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="#x1-1570004.2"><span class="pplri8t-">FAQ: ADB over TCP</span></a></p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-164" id="x1-1640004.3.2">Why does AM have the INTERNET permission when it doesn’t connect to the Internet?</a></h4>
<!--l. 17-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-123" id="x1-1230003.1.1.1">Location of developer options</a></h5>
<!--l. 18-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">Developer options</span> is located in Android <span class="pplb8t-">Settings</span>, either directly near the bottom of the page (in most ROMs) or under some other settings such as <span class="pplb8t-">System</span> (Lineage OS, Asus Zenfone 8.0+), <span class="pplb8t-">System</span> &gt; <span class="pplb8t-">Advanced</span> (Google Pixel), <span class="pplb8t-">Additional Settings</span> (Xiaomi MIUI, Oppo ColorOS), <span class="pplb8t-">More Settings</span> (Vivo FuntouchOS), <span class="pplb8t-">More</span> (ZTE Nubia). Unlike other options, it is not visible until explicitly enabled by the user. If developer options is enabled, you can use the search box in Android <span class="pplb8t-">Settings</span> to locate it as well. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.1.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-124" id="x1-1240003.1.1.2">How to enable developer options</a></h5>
<!--l. 25-->
<p class="noindent">This option is available within Android <span class="pplb8t-">Settings</span> as well but like the location of the developer options, it also differs from device to device. But in general, you have to find <span class="pplb8t-">Build number</span> (or <span class="pplb8t-">MIUI version</span> for MIUI ROMs and <span class="pplb8t-">Software</span> <span class="pplb8t-">version</span> for Vivo FuntouchOS, <span class="pplb8t-">Version</span> for Oppo ColorOS) and tap it at least 7 (seven) times until you finally get a message saying <span class="pplri8t-">You are now a developer</span> (you may be prompted to insert pin/password/pattern or solve captchas at this point). In most devices, it is located at the bottom of the settings page, inside <span class="pplb8t-">About Phone</span>. But the best way to find it is to use the search box. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-166" id="x1-1660004.3.4">Any plans for Shizuku?</a></h4>
<!--l. 33-->
<p class="noindent">App Manager’s use of hidden API and privileged code execution is now much more complex and cannot be integrated with other third party apps such as <a href="https://shizuku.rikka.app">Shizuku</a>. Here are some reasons for not considering Shizuku (which now has Apache 2.0 license) for App Manager: </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-126" id="x1-1260003.1.2.1">Xiaomi (MIUI)</a></h5>
<!--l. 40-->
<p class="noindent">Enable <span class="pplb8t-">USB debugging (security settings)</span> as well. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-127" id="x1-1270003.1.2.2">Huawei (EMUI)</a></h5>
<!--l. 43-->
<p class="noindent">Enable <span class="pplb8t-">Allow ADB debugging in charge only mode</span> as well. When connecting to your PC or Mac, you may get a prompt saying <span class="pplb8t-">Allow access to device data?</span> in which case click <span class="pplb8t-">YES, ALLOW ACCESS</span>.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-27"><!--l. 46-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Often the <span class="pplb8t-">USB debugging</span> mode could be disabled automatically by the system. If that’s the case, repeat the above procedure.</p>

</div>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-128" id="x1-1280003.1.2.3">LG</a></h5>
<!--l. 52-->
<p class="noindent">Make sure you have <span class="pplb8t-">USB tethering</span> enabled. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-129" id="x1-1290003.1.2.4">Troubleshooting</a></h5>
<!--l. 55-->
<p class="noindent">In case <span class="pplb8t-">USB Debugging</span> is greyed out, you can do the following:</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-129002x1">Make sure you enabled USB debugging before connecting your phone to the PC or Mac via USB cable</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-129004x2">Enable USB tethering after connecting to PC or Mac via USB cable</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-129006x3">(For Samsung) If your device is running KNOX, you may have to follow some additional steps. See official documentations or consult support for further assistant</li>
</ol>
<!--l. 63-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-130" id="x1-1300003.1.3">Setup ADB on PC or Mac</a></h4>
<!--l. 64-->
<p class="noindent">In order to enable ADB over TCP, you have to set up ADB in your PC or Mac. <span class="pplbi8t-">Lineage OS users can skip to §</span><a href="#x1-1350003.1.4.1"><span class="pplbi8t-">3.1.4.1</span></a><span class="pplbi8t-">.</span> </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-131" id="x1-1310003.1.3.1">Windows</a></h5>
<!--l. 69-->

<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-131002x1">Download the latest version of <a href="https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools-latest-windows.zip">Android SDK Platform-Tools</a> for Windows</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-131004x2">Extract the contents of the zip file into any directory (such as <span class="ectt-1000">C:\adb</span>) and navigate to that directory using <span class="pplri8t-">Explorer</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-131006x3">Open <span class="pplb8t-">Command Prompt</span> or <span class="pplb8t-">PowerShell</span> from this directory. You can do it manually from the start menu or by holding <span class="ectt-1000">Shift</span> and Right clicking within the directory in <span class="pplri8t-">File Explorer</span> and then clicking either on <span class="pplri8t-">Open</span> <span class="pplri8t-">command window here</span> or on <span class="pplri8t-">Open PowerShell window here</span> (depending on what you have installed). You can now access ADB by typing <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> (Command Prompt) or <span class="ectt-1000">./adb</span> (PowerShell). Do not close this window yet</li>
</ol>
<!--l. 81-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-132" id="x1-1320003.1.3.2">macOS</a></h5>
<!--l. 83-->

<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-132002x1">Download the latest version of <a href="https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools-latest-darwin.zip">Android SDK Platform-Tools</a> for macOS</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-132004x2">Extract the contents of the zip file into a directory by clicking on it. After that, navigate to that directory using <span class="pplri8t-">Finder</span> and locate <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-132006x3">Open <span class="pplb8t-">Terminal</span> using <span class="pplri8t-">Launchpad</span> or <span class="pplri8t-">Spotlight</span> and drag-and-drop <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> from the <span class="pplri8t-">Finder</span> window into the <span class="pplri8t-">Terminal</span> window. Do not close the <span class="pplri8t-">Terminal</span> window yet</li>
</ol>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-28"><!--l. 92-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Tip.</span> If you are not afraid to use command line, here’s a one liner:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb4"><a id="x1-132011r1"></a><span id="textcolor35"><span class="ectt-1000">cd</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> ~/Downloads</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor36"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> curl</span><span class="ectt-1000"> -o</span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> -L</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-132013r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000">https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools-latest-darwin.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor37"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-132015r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000">unzip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor38"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> rm</span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor39"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor40"><span class="ectt-1000">cd</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools</span></div>
<!--l. 99-->
<p class="noindent">After that, you can simply type <span class="ectt-1000">./adb</span> in the in same <span class="pplri8t-">Terminal</span> window to access ADB.</p>

</div>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-133" id="x1-1330003.1.3.3">Linux</a></h5>
<!--l. 104-->

<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-133002x1">Open your favourite terminal emulator. In most GUI-distros, you can open it by holding <span class="ectt-1000">Control</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">Alter</span> and <span class="ectt-1000">T</span> at the same time</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-133004x2">Run the following command:
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb5"><a id="x1-133009r1"></a><span id="textcolor41"><span class="ectt-1000">cd</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> ~/Downloads</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor42"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> curl</span><span class="ectt-1000"> -o</span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> -L</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-133011r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000">https://dl.google.com/android/repository/platform-tools-latest-linux.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor43"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-133013r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000">unzip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor44"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> rm</span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools.zip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor45"><span class="ectt-1000">&amp;&</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor46"><span class="ectt-1000">cd</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> platform-tools</span></div>
</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-133015x3">If it is successful, you can simply type <span class="ectt-1000">./adb</span> in the in <span class="pplri8t-">same</span> terminal emulator window or type <span class="ectt-1000">~/Downloads/platform-tools/adb</span> in any terminal emulator to access ADB.</li>
</ol>
<!--l. 116-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-134" id="x1-1340003.1.4">Configure ADB over TCP</a></h4>
<!--l. 118-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-135" id="x1-1350003.1.4.1">Lineage OS</a></h5>
<!--l. 119-->
<p class="noindent">Lineage OS (or its derivatives) users can directly enable ADB over TCP using the developer options. To enable that, go to the <span class="pplb8t-">Developer options</span>, scroll down until you find <span class="pplb8t-">ADB over Network</span>. Now, use the toggle button on the right-hand side to enable it and skip to §<a href="#x1-1370003.1.4.3">3.1.4.3</a>. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-136" id="x1-1360003.1.4.2">Enable ADB over TCP via PC or Mac</a></h5>
<!--l. 124-->
<p class="noindent">For other ROMs, you can do this using the command prompt/PowerShell/terminal emulator that you’ve opened in the step 3 of the previous section. In this section, I will use <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> to denote <span class="ectt-1000">./adb</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> or any other command that you needed to use based on your platform and software in the previous section.</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-136002x1">Connect your device to your PC or Mac using a USB cable. For some devices, it is necessary to turn on <span class="pplri8t-">File transfer mode (MTP)</span> as well</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-136004x2">To confirm that everything is working as expected, type <span class="ectt-1000">adb devices</span> in your terminal. If your device is connected successfully, you will see something like this:
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb6"><a id="x1-136006r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> List</span><span class="ectt-1000"> of</span><span class="ectt-1000"> devices</span><span class="ectt-1000"> attached</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-136008r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> xxxxxxxx</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> device</span></div>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-29"><!--l. 136-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> In some Android phones, an alert prompt will be appeared with a message <span class="pplb8t-">Allow USB Debugging</span> in which case, check <span class="pplri8t-">Always allow from this</span> <span class="pplri8t-">computer</span> and click <span class="pplb8t-">Allow</span>.</p>

</div>
</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-136010x3">Finally, run the following command to enable ADB over TCP:
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb7"><a id="x1-136013r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000">adb</span><span class="ectt-1000"> tcpip</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor47"><span class="ectt-1000">5555</span></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-30"><!--l. 146-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Danger.</span> You cannot disable developer options or USB debugging after enabling ADB over TCP.</p>

</div>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-137" id="x1-1370003.1.4.3">Enable ADB mode on App Manager</a></h5>
<!--l. 151-->
<p class="noindent">After enabling ADB over TCP (in the previous subsections), open App Manager (AM). You should see <span class="pplb8t-">working on ADB mode</span> toast message at the bottom. If not, remove AM from the recents and open AM again from the launcher. If you see the toast message, you can safely <a href="#x1-1380003.1.4.4">stop ADB over TCP</a>.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-31"><!--l. 155-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> In some Android phones, the USB cable is needed to be disconnected from the PC in order for it to work.</p>

</div>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-32"><!--l. 159-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Warning.</span> ADB over TCP will be disabled after a restart. In that case, you have to follow §<a href="#x1-1360003.1.4.2">3.1.4.2</a> again.</p>

</div>
<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.4.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-138" id="x1-1380003.1.4.4">Stop ADB over TCP</a></h5>
<!--l. 165-->
<p class="noindent">In order to ensure device security, you should stop ADB over TCP right after AM detects it. To do that, connect your device to your PC or Mac and run the following command:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb8"><a id="x1-138003r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000">adb</span><span class="ectt-1000"> kill-server</span></div>
<!--l. 169-->
<p class="noindent">Replace <span class="ectt-1000">adb</span> with <span class="ectt-1000">./adb</span> or any other command that you had to use in previous steps.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-33"><!--l. 171-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Lineage OS users.</span> You can turn off <span class="pplb8t-">ADB over Network</span> in developer options, but turning off this option will also stop App Manager’s remote server. So, turn it off only when you’re not going to use App Manager in ADB over TCP mode.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.1.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-139" id="x1-1390003.1.5">References</a></h4>
<!--l. 178-->

<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-139002x1"><a href="https://www.xda-developers.com/install-adb-windows-macos-linux">How to Install ADB on Windows, macOS, and Linux</a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-139004x2"><a href="https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/adb">Android Debug Bridge (adb)</a></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-139006x3"><a href="https://www.syncios.com/android/fix-usb-debugging-grey-out.html">How to fix USB debugging greyed out?</a></li>
</ol>
<!--l. 1-->

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-140" id="x1-1400003.2">Backup/Restore</a></h3>
<!--l. 2-->
<p class="noindent">App Manager has a modern, advanced and easy-to-use backup/restore system implemented from the scratch. This is probably the only app that has the ability to restore not only the app or its data but also permissions and rules that you’ve configured within App Manager. You can also choose to back up an app multiple times (with custom names) or for all users.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-34"><!--l. 6-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Backup/Restore is completely different from <span class="pplb8t-">Backup APK</span> which is also a part of the batch operations.</p>

</div>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-35"><!--l. 10-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Warning.</span> As of v2.5.22, backup/restore is a beta feature (previously, it was an alpha feature). Support for old backups are removed as a result. From now on, backward compatibility will be provided.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-141" id="x1-1410003.2.1">Location</a></h4>
<!--l. 16-->
<p class="noindent">Backup/restore is a part of <a href="#x1-160002.1.1">batch operations</a>. It is also located inside the <a href="#x1-380002.2.2.3">options menu</a> in the <a href="#x1-350002.2.2">App Info tab</a>. Clicking on <span class="pplb8t-">Backup/Restore</span> opens the <span class="pplb8t-">Backup Options</span>. The backups are currently located at <span class="ectt-1000">/sdcard/AppManager</span>.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-36"><!--l. 21-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Note.</span> If one or more selected apps don’t have any backup, the <span class="pplb8t-">Restore</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">Delete</span> <span class="pplb8t-">Backup</span> options will not be displayed.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-142" id="x1-1420003.2.2">Backup Options</a></h4>
<!--l. 27-->
<p class="noindent">Backup options (internally known as backup flags) let you customise the backups on the fly. However, the customisations will not be remembered for the future backups. If you want to customise this dialog, use <a href="#x1-1010002.6.8.2">Backup Options</a> in the <a href="#x1-780002.6">Settings page</a>. </p>
<p class="indent">A complete description of backup options is given below:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Source.</span> Whether to back up or restore the entire source directory. When you install an app, the APK files are stored inside the <span class="ectt-1000">/data/app/</span> along with any native libraries as well as some other files such as the ODEX and VDEX files. This directory is called <span class="pplb8t-">source directory</span> or <span class="pplb8t-">code path</span>. You can further customise this using the <span class="pplb8t-">APK only</span> option.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">APK only.</span> When you enable <span class="pplb8t-">Source</span> option, the whole source directory is backed up or restored. Enabling this along with <span class="pplb8t-">Source</span> will only backup or restore the APK files and skip backing up the native libraries or ODEX and VDEX files.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Data.</span> Whether to back up the internal data directories. These directories are located at <span class="ectt-1000">/data/user/&lt;user_id&gt;</span> and (for Android N or later) <span class="ectt-1000">/data/user_de/&lt;user_id&gt;</span>.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">External data.</span> Whether to back up data directories located in the internal memory as well as SD Card (if exists). External data directories often contain non-essential app data or media files (instead of using the dedicated media folder) and may increase the backup size. However, it might be essential for some apps. Although it isn’t checked by default (as it might dramatically increase the size of the backups), you will need to check it in order to ensure a smooth restore of your backups.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">OBB and media.</span> Whether to back up or restore the OBB and the media directories located in the external storage or the SD Card. This is useful for games and the graphical software which actually use these folders.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Exclude cache.</span> Android apps have multiple cache directories located at every data directories (both internal and external). There are two types of cache: <span class="pplb8t-">cache</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">code cache</span>. Enabling this option excludes both cache directories from all the data directories. It is generally advised to exclude cache directories since most apps don’t clear the cache (for some reason, the only way an app can clear its cache is by deleting the entire cache directory) and usually handled by the OS itself. Apps such as Telegram may use a very large cache (depending on the storage space) which may dramatically increase your backup size. When it is enabled, AM also ignores backup from the <span class="pplb8t-">no_backup</span> directories.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Extras.</span> Backup/restore app permissions, net policy, battery optimization, SSAID, etc. It’s enabled by default. Note that, blocking rules are applied <span class="pplri8t-">after</span> applying the extras. So, if an item is present in both places, it will be overwritten (i.e., the one from the blocking rules will be used).</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Rules.</span> This option lets you back up blocking rules configured within App Manager. This might come in handy if you have customised permissions or block some components using App Manager as they will also be backed up or restored when you enable this option.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Backup Multiple.</span> Whether this is a multiple backup. By default, backups are saved using their user ID. Enabling this option allows you to create additional backups. These backups use the current date-time as the default backup name, but you can also specify custom backup name using the input field displayed when you click on the <span class="pplb8t-">Backup</span> button.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Custom users.</span> Backup or restore for the selected users instead of only the current user. This option is only displayed if the system has more than one user.</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="pplb8t-">Skip signature checks.</span> When taking a backup, checksum of every file (as well as the signing certificate(s) of the base APK file) is generated and stored in the <span class="ectt-1000">checksums.txt</span> file. When you restore the backup, the checksums are generated again and are matched with the checksums stored in the said file. Enabling this option will disable the signature checks. This option is applied only when you restore a backup. During backup, the checksums are generated regardless of this option.
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-37"><!--l. 84-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> You should always disable this option to ensure that your backups are not modified by any third-party applications. However, this would only work if you enabled encryption.</p>

</div>
</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-143" id="x1-1430003.2.3">Backup</a></h4>
<!--l. 91-->
<p class="noindent">Backup respects all the backup options except <span class="pplb8t-">Skip signature checks</span>. If base backups (i.e., backups that don’t have the <span class="pplb8t-">Backup Multiple</span> option) already exist, you will get a warning as the backups will be overwritten. If <span class="pplb8t-">Backup Multiple</span> is set, you have an option to input the backup name, or you can leave it blank to use the current date-time. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-144" id="x1-1440003.2.4">Restore</a></h4>
<!--l. 97-->
<p class="noindent">Restore respects all the backup options and will fail if <span class="pplb8t-">Source</span> option is set, but the backup doesn’t contain any source backups or in other cases, if the app isn’t installed. When restoring backups for multiple packages, you can only restore the base backups (see <a href="#x1-1430003.2.3">backup</a> section for an explanation). However, when restoring backups for a single package, you have the option to select which backup to restore. If <span class="pplb8t-">All users</span> option is set, AM will restore the selected backup for all users in the latter case but in the former case, it will restore base backups for the respective users.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-38"><!--l. 104-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Notice.</span> Apps that use storage access framework (SAF), SSAID or Android KeyStore works properly only after an immediate restart.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-145" id="x1-1450003.2.5">Delete Backup</a></h4>
<!--l. 109-->
<p class="noindent">Delete backup only respects <span class="pplb8t-">All users</span> option and when it is selected, only the base backups for all users will be deleted with a prompt. When deleting backups for a single package, another dialog will be displayed where you can select the backups to delete. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">3.2.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-146" id="x1-1460003.2.6">Encryption</a></h4>
<!--l. 114-->
<p class="noindent">App Manager currently supports OpenPGP encryption. To enable it, you need to install an OpenPGP provider such as <a href="https://openkeychain.org">OpenKeychain</a>. To configure OpenPGP provider, go to the <a href="#x1-1030002.6.8.4">Settings page</a>.</p>
<h2 class="chapterHead"><span class="titlemark">Chapter 4</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-147" id="x1-1470004">Frequently Asked Questions</a></h2>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-148" id="x1-1480004.1">App Components</a></h3>
<!--l. 3-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-149" id="x1-1490004.1.1">What are the app components?</a></h4>
<!--l. 4-->
<p class="noindent">Activities, services, broadcast receivers (also known as receivers) and content providers (also known as providers) are jointly called app components. More technically, they all inherit the <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/content/pm/ComponentInfo">ComponentInfo</a> class. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-209" id="x1-209000B.3.3">Remove All Blocking Rules</a></h4>
<!--l. 9-->
<p class="noindent">In the Settings page, a new option is added which can be used to remove all blocking rules configured within App Manager. </p>
<p class="indent">Even IFW has some limitations which are primarily applicable for the system apps:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">App Ops are now generated using a technique similar to AppOpsX. This should decrease the loading time significantly in the App Ops tab.</li>
<li class="itemize">In the App Ops tab, a menu item is added which can be used to list only active app ops without including the default app ops. The preference is saved in the shared preferences.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 30-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-151" id="x1-1510004.1.3">Why are the components blocked by AM not detected by other related apps?</a></h4>
<!--l. 31-->
<p class="noindent">It is because of the blocking method I’m using. This method is called <a href="https://carteryagemann.com/pages/android-intent-firewall.html">Intent Firewall (IFW)</a> and is compatible with <a href="https://github.com/tuyafeng/Watt">Watt</a> and <a href="https://github.com/lihenggui/blocker">Blocker</a>. <a href="https://www.myandroidtools.com">MyAndroidTool (MAT)</a> supports IFW, but it uses a different format. Therefore, Watt can detect blocked components by default but Blocker can only detect them if you enable IFW in its settings page. MAT cannot detect AM’s blocking rules since the format is different. AM cannot detect MAT’s rules if IFW is enabled in MAT. In that case, you can still import them from the <a href="#x1-780002.6">settings page</a>. MAT has an export option, but it’s not supported due to its non-free nature. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-152" id="x1-1520004.1.4">Does app components blocked by other tools retained in AM?</a></h4>
<!--l. 41-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">No.</span> But components blocked by the Android System or any other tools are displayed in the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a> (within the component tabs). In v2.5.12 and onwards, you can import these rules in <a href="#x1-900002.6.6.2">Settings</a>. But since there is no way to distinguish between components blocked by third-party apps and components blocked by the System, you should be very careful when choosing app. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-153" id="x1-1530004.1.5">What happened to the components blocked by AM which are also blocked by other tools?</a></h4>
<!--l. 48-->
<p class="noindent">AM blocks the components again using <a href="https://carteryagemann.com/pages/android-intent-firewall.html">Intent Firewall (IFW)</a>. They are not unblocked (if blocked using <span class="pplri8t-">pm</span> or <a href="https://github.com/RikkaApps/Shizuku">Shizuku</a> method) and blocked again. But if you unblock a component in the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a>, it will be reverted back to default state —- blocked or unblocked as described in the corresponding app manifest —- using both IFW and <span class="pplri8t-">pm</span> method. However, components blocked by <a href="https://www.myandroidtools.com">MyAndroidTools (MAT)</a> with IFW method will not be unblocked by AM. To solve this issue, you can first import the corresponding configuration to AM in <a href="#x1-900002.6.6.2">Settings</a> in which case MAT’s configurations will be removed. But this option is only available from v2.5.12. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-216" id="x1-216000B.3.8">Batch Ops</a></h4>
<!--l. 59-->
<p class="noindent">When you block a component in the <a href="#x1-330002.2">App Details page</a>, the blocking is not applied by default. It is only applied when you apply blocking using the <span class="pplri8t-">Apply rules</span> option in the top-right menu. If you enable <a href="#x1-860002.6.6.1">instant component blocking</a>, blocking will be applied as soon as you block a component. If you choose to block tracker components, however, blocking is applied automatically regardless of this setting. You can also remove blocking for an app by simply clicking on <span class="pplri8t-">Remove rules</span> in the same menu in the <span class="pplb8t-">App Details page</span>. Since the default behaviour gives you more control over apps, it is better to keep <span class="pplri8t-">instant component blocking</span> option disabled. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.1.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-155" id="x1-1550004.1.7">Tracker classes versus tracker components</a></h4>
<!--l. 68-->
<p class="noindent">All app components are classes but not all classes are components. In fact, only a few of the classes are components. That being said, <a href="#x1-1050002.7">scanner page</a> displays a list of trackers along with the number of classes, not just the components. In all other pages, trackers and tracker components are used synonymously to denote tracker components, i.e. blocking tracker means blocking tracker components, not tracker classes.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-39"><!--l. 73-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Info.</span> Tracker classes cannot be blocked. They can only be removed by editing the app itself.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.10</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-219" id="x1-219000B.3.10">App Data Backup</a></h4>
<!--l. 78-->
<p class="noindent">Install app only for the current user at the time of restoring backups. Support for split apks is also added. </p>
<p class="indent">If you have <span class="pplb8t-">Google Play Services</span> (<span class="ectt-1000">com.google.android.gms</span>) installed, unblocking the following <a href="#x1-420002.2.3.2">services</a> may fix certain crashes:</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-156002x1">Ad Request Broker Service <span class="ectt-0900">.ads.AdRequestBrokerService</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-156004x2"><span class="pplr8t-x-x-90">Cache Broker Service</span> <span class="ectt-0900">.ads.cache.CacheBrokerService</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-156006x3"><span class="pplr8t-x-x-90">Gservices Value Broker Service</span> <span class="ectt-0900">.ads.GservicesValueBrokerService</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-156008x4"><span class="pplr8t-x-x-90">Advertising Id Notification Service</span> <span class="ectt-0900">.ads.identifier.service.AdvertisingIdNotificationService</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-156010x5"><span class="pplr8t-x-x-90">Advertising Id Service</span> <span class="ectt-0900">.ads.identifier.service.AdvertisingIdService</span></li>
</ol>
<!--l. 1-->

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-157" id="x1-1570004.2">ADB over TCP</a></h3>
<!--l. 3-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-158" id="x1-1580004.2.1">Do I have to enable ADB over TCP everytime I restart?</a></h4>
<!--l. 4-->
<p class="noindent">Figure <a href="#x1-222001r0">C.0</a> describes the process of changing and processing permission. <a href="#x1-223000C.3">AppOpsManager</a> can be used to manage permissions in Settings app. <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span> is also useful in determining if a certain permission (or operation) is granted to the application. Most of the methods of <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span> are accessible to the user app but unlike a system app, it can only be used to check permissions for any app or for the app itself and start or terminating certain operations. Moreover, not all operations are actually accessible from this Java class. <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span> holds all the necessary constants such as <a href="#x1-224000C.3.1"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span></a>, <span class="ectt-1000">OPSTR_*</span>, <a href="#x1-225000C.3.2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span></a> which describes operation code, operation string and mode of operations respectively. It also holds necessary data structures such as <a href="#x1-226000C.3.3">PackageOps</a> and <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span>. <span class="pplb8t-">PackageOps</span> holds <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span> for a package, and <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span>, as the name suggests, describes each operation. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-159" id="x1-1590004.2.2">Cannot enable USB debugging. What to do?</a></h4>
<!--l. 12-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/AppOpsManager"><span class="pplri8t-">AppOpsManager documentation</span></a> </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-225" id="x1-224000C.3.1"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> Constants</a></h4>
<!--l. 15-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> are the integer constants starting from <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>. <span class="ectt-1000">OP_NONE</span> implies that no operations are specified whereas <span class="ectt-1000">_NUM_OP</span> denotes the number of operations defined in <span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> prefix. While they denote each operation, the operations are not necessarily unique. In fact, there are many operations that are actually a single operation denoted by multiple <span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> constant (possibly for future use). Vendors may define their own op based on their requirements. MIUI is one of the vendors who are known to do that. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-161" id="x1-1610004.2.4">Which features can be used in ADB mode?</a></h4>
<!--l. 19-->
<p class="noindent">Most of the features supported by ADB mode are enabled by default once ADB support is detected by AM. These include disable, force-stop, clear data, grant/revoke app ops and permissions. You can also install applications without any prompt and view <a href="#x1-280002.1.5.6">running apps/processes</a>.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-162" id="x1-1620004.3">Miscellanea</a></h3>
<!--l. 3-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-163" id="x1-1630004.3.1">I don’t use root/ADB. Am I completely safe from any harms?</a></h4>
<!--l. 4-->
<p class="noindent">Yes. AM cannot modify any system settings without root or ADB over TCP. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-227" id="x1-225000C.3.2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span> Constants</a></h4>
<!--l. 7-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span> constants also integer constants starting from <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>. These constants are assigned to each operation describing whether an app is authorised to perform that operation. These modes usually have associated names such as <span class="pplb8t-">allow</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ALLOWED</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">ignore</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_IGNORED</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">deny</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ERRORED</span> (a rather misnomer), <span class="pplb8t-">default</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_DEFAULT</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">foreground</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_FOREGROUND</span>.</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-164002x1"><span class="pplb8t-">To provide ADB over TCP support for the non-root users.</span> ADB over TCP is a custom network protocol that usually runs on port <span class="ectt-1000">5555</span>. Therefore, to connect to this port via localhost, AM needs this permission.</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-164004x2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ALLOWED</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> The app is allowed to perform the given operation</li>
</ol>
<!--l. 18-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-165" id="x1-1650004.3.3">How are the trackers and libraries are updated?</a></h4>
<!--l. 19-->
<p class="noindent">Trackers and libraries are updated manually before making a new release. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-228" id="x1-226000C.3.3">PackageOps</a></h4>
<!--l. 22-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager.PackageOps</span> is a data structure to store all the <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span> for a package. In simple terms, it stores all the customised operations for a package.</p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-166002x1">Shizuku was initially non-free which led me to use a similar approach for App Manager to support both root and ADB</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-166004x2">App Manager already supports both ADB and root which in some cases is more capable than Shizuku</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-166006x3">Relying on a third-party app for the major functionalities is not a good design choice</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-166008x4">Integration of Shizuku will increase the complexity of App Manager.</li>
</ol>
<!--l. 33-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">4.3.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-167" id="x1-1670004.3.5">What are bloatware and how to remove them?</a></h4>
<!--l. 34-->
<p class="noindent">Bloatware are the unnecessary apps supplied by the vendor or OEM and are usually system apps. These apps are often used to track users and collect user data which they might sell for profits. System apps do not need to request any permission in order to access device info, contacts and messaging data, and other usage info such as your phone usage habits and everything you store on your shared storage(s). </p>
<p class="indent">The bloatware may also include Google apps (such as Google Play Services, Google Play Store, Gmail, Google, Messages, Dialer, Contacts), Facebook apps (the Facebook app consists of four or five apps), Facebook Messenger, Instagram, Twitter and many other apps which can also track users and/or collect user data without consent given that they all are system apps. You can disable a few permissions from the Android settings but be aware that Android settings hides almost every permission any security specialist would call potentially <span class="pplri8t-">dangerous</span>. </p>
<p class="indent">If the bloatware were user apps, you could easily uninstall them either from Android settings or AM. Uninstalling system apps is not possible without root permission. You can also uninstall system apps using ADB, but it may not work for all apps. AM can uninstall system apps with root or ADB (the latter with certain limitations, of course), but these methods cannot <span class="pplri8t-">remove</span> the system apps completely as they are located in the <span class="pplri8t-">system</span> partition which is a read-only partition. If you have root, you can remount this partition to manually <span class="pplri8t-">purge</span> these apps but this will break Over the Air (OTA) updates since data in the system partition has been modified. There are two kind of updates, delta (small-size, consisting of only the changes between two versions) and full updates. You can still apply full updates, but the bloatware will be installed again, and consequently, you have to delete them all over again. Besides, not all vendors provide full updates. </p>
<p class="indent">Here: </p>
<p class="indent">From v2.5.19, AM has a new feature called <a href="#x1-600002.5">profiles</a>. The <a href="#x1-580002.4">profiles page</a> has an option to create new profiles from one of the presets. The presets consist of debloating profiles which can be used as a starting point to monitor, disable, and remove the bloatware from a proprietary Android operating system.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-40"><!--l. 67-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Note.</span> In most cases, you cannot completely debloat your device. Therefore, it is recommended that you use a custom ROM free from bloatware such as Graphene OS, Lineage OS or their derivatives.</p>

</div>
<!--l. 1-->
<p class="indent"><a id="x1-167001r147"></a></p>
<h2 class="appendixHead"><span class="titlemark">Appendix A</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-168" id="x1-168000A">Specifications</a></h2>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">A.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-169" id="x1-169000A.1">Rules Specification</a></h3>
<!--l. 4-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">A.1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-170" id="x1-170000A.1.1">Background</a></h4>
<!--l. 5-->
<p class="noindent">AM currently supports blocking activities, broadcast receivers, content providers, services, app ops and permissions, and in future I may add more blocking options. In order to add more portability, it is necessary to import/export all these data. </p>
<p class="indent">TODO </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">A.1.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-171" id="x1-171000A.1.2">Rules File Format</a></h4>
<!--l. 17-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">A.1.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-172" id="x1-172000A.1.2.1">Internal</a></h5>
<!--l. 18-->
<p class="noindent">The instruction below follows the exact order given above:</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb9"><a id="x1-172002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;name&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;type&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;mode&gt;|&lt;component_status&gt;|&lt;is_granted&gt;</span></div>
<!--l. 22-->
<p class="noindent">Here:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;name&gt;</span> – Component/permission/app op name (in case of app op, it could be string or integer)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;type&gt;</span> – One of the <span class="ectt-1000">ACTIVITY</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">RECEIVER</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">PROVIDER</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">SERVICE</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">APP_OP</span>, <span class="ectt-1000">PERMISSION</span></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">pkg</span>: Stores package info. It can contain any number of <span class="ectt-1000">uid</span></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;component_status&gt;</span> – (For components) Component status
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">true</span> – Component has been applied (<span class="ectt-1000">true</span> value is kept for compatibility)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">false</span> – Component hasn’t been applied yet, but will be applied in future (<span class="ectt-1000">false</span> value is kept for compatibility)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">unblocked</span> – Component is scheduled to be unblocked</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;is_granted&gt;</span> – (For permissions) Whether the permission is granted or revoked</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 38-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">A.1.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-173" id="x1-173000A.1.2.2">External</a></h5>
<!--l. 39-->
<p class="noindent">External format is used for importing or exporting rules in App Manager.</p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb10"><a id="x1-173002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;package_name&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;component_name&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;type&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;mode&gt;|&lt;component_status&gt;|&lt;is_granted&gt;</span></div>
<!--l. 43-->
<p class="noindent">This the format is essentially the same as above except for the first item which is the name of the package.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-41"><!--l. 45-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> The exported rules have a different format than the internal one and should not be copied directly to the <span class="pplb8t-">conf</span> folder.</p>

</div>
<a id="x1-173003r147"></a>
<h2 class="appendixHead"><span class="titlemark">Appendix B</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-174" id="x1-174000B">Changelogs</a></h2>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-175" id="x1-175000B.1">v2.5.20 (375)</a></h3>
<!--l. 5-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-176" id="x1-176000B.1.1">Introducing Profiles</a></h4>
<!--l. 6-->
<p class="noindent"><a href="#x1-600002.5">Profiles</a> finally closes the <a href="https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/AppManager/issues/72">related issue</a>. Profiles can be used to execute certain tasks repeatedly without doing everything manually. A profile can be applied (or invoked) either from the <a href="#x1-580002.4">Profiles page</a> or from the home screen by creating shortcuts. There are also some presets which consist of debloating profiles taken from <a href="https://gitlab.com/W1nst0n/universal-android-debloater">Universal Android Debloater</a>. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-177000B.1.1" id="x1-177000B.1.1">Known limitations</a></span></p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Exporting rules and applying permissions are not currently working.</li>
<li class="itemize">Profiles are applied for all users.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 19-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-178" id="x1-178000B.1.2">The Interceptor</a></h4>
<!--l. 20-->
<p class="noindent"><a href="https://github.com/MuntashirAkon/intent-intercept">Intent Intercept</a> works as a man-in-the-middle between source and destination, that is, when you open a file or URL with another app, you can see what is being shared by opening it with Interceptor first. You can also add or modify the intents before sending them to the destination. Additionally, you can double-click on any exportable activities in the Activities tab in the App Details page to open them in the Interceptor to add more configurations. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-179000B.1.2" id="x1-179000B.1.2">Known limitation</a></span> Editing extras is not currently possible. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-180" id="x1-180000B.1.3">UnAPKM: DeDRM the APKM files</a></h4>
<!--l. 29-->
<p class="noindent">When I released a small tool called <a href="https://f-droid.org/en/packages/io.github.muntashirakon.unapkm">UnAPKM</a>, I promised that similar feature will be available in App Manager. I am proud to announce that you can open APKM files directly in the App Info page or convert them to APKS or install them directly. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-181" id="x1-181000B.1.4">Multiple user</a></h4>
<!--l. 34-->
<p class="noindent">App manager now supports multiple users! For now, this requires root or ADB. But no-root support is also being considered. If you have multiple users enabled and click on an app installed in multiple profiles, an alert prompt will be displayed where you can select the user. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-182" id="x1-182000B.1.5">Vive la France!</a></h4>
<!--l. 39-->
<p class="noindent">Thanks to the contributors, we have one more addition to the language club: French. You can add more languages or improve existing translations at <a href="https://hosted.weblate.org/engage/app-manager">Weblate</a>. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-183" id="x1-183000B.1.6">Report crashes</a></h4>
<!--l. 43-->
<p class="noindent">If App Manager crashes, you can now easily report the crash from the notifications which opens the share options. Crashes are not reported by App Manager, it only redirects you to your favourite Email client. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-184" id="x1-184000B.1.7">Android 11</a></h4>
<!--l. 47-->
<p class="noindent">Added support for Android 11. Not everything may work as expected though. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-185" id="x1-185000B.1.8">App Installer Improvements</a></h4>
<!--l. 51-->

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.8.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-186" id="x1-186000B.1.8.1">Set installation locations</a></h5>
<!--l. 52-->
<p class="noindent">In settings page, you can set install locations such as auto (default), internal only and prefer external. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.8.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-187" id="x1-187000B.1.8.2">Set APK installer</a></h5>
<!--l. 55-->
<p class="noindent">In settings page, you can also set default APK installer (root/ADB only) instead of App Manager. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.8.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-188" id="x1-188000B.1.8.3">Multiple users</a></h5>
<!--l. 58-->
<p class="noindent">In settings page, you can allow App Manager to display multiple users during APK installation. </p>

<h5 class="subsubsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.1.8.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-189" id="x1-189000B.1.8.4">Signing APK files</a></h5>
<!--l. 61-->
<p class="noindent">In settings page, you can choose to sign APK files before installing them. You can also select which signature scheme to use in the <span class="pplri8t-">APK signing</span> option in settings. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-190000B.1.8.4" id="x1-190000B.1.8.4">Known limitation</a></span> Currently, only a generic key is used to sign APK files </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-191" id="x1-191000B.2">v2.5.17 (368)</a></h3>
<!--l. 68-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-192" id="x1-192000B.2.1">App Installer</a></h4>
<!--l. 69-->
<p class="noindent">As promised, it is now possible to select splits. AM also provides recommendations based on device configurations. If the app is already installed, recommendations are provided based on the installed app. It is also possible to downgrade to a lower version without data loss if the device has root or ADB. But it should be noted that not all app can be downgraded. Installer is also improved to speed up the installation process, especially, for root users. If the app has already been installed and the new (x)apk(s) is newer or older or the same version with a different signature, AM will display a list of changes similar to <span class="pplb8t-">What’s New</span> before prompting the user to install the app. This is useful if the app has introduced tracker components, new permissions, etc. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-193000B.2.1" id="x1-193000B.2.1">Known Limitations</a></span></p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Large app can take a long time to fetch app info and therefore it may take a long time display the installation prompt.</li>
<li class="itemize">If the apk is not located in the internal storage, the app has to be cached first which might also take a long time depending on the size of the apk.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 84-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-194" id="x1-194000B.2.2">Scanner: Replacement for Exodus Page</a></h4>
<!--l. 85-->
<p class="noindent">Exodus page is now replaced with scanner page. <a href="#x1-1050002.7">Scanner page</a> contains not only a list of trackers but also a list of used libraries. This is just a start. In the future, this page will contain more in depth analysis of the app. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-195" id="x1-195000B.2.3">Introducing System Config</a></h4>
<!--l. 90-->
<p class="noindent">System Config lists various system configurations and whitelists/blacklists included in Android by either OEM/vendor, AOSP or even some Magisk modules. Root users can access this option from the overflow menu in the main page. There isn’t any official documentation for these options therefore it’s difficult to write a complete documentation for this page. I will gradually add documentations using my own knowledge. However, some functions should be understandable by their name. 
</p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-196" id="x1-196000B.2.4">More Languages</a></h4>
<!--l. 97-->
<p class="noindent">Thanks to the contributors, AM now has more than 12 languages. New languages include Bengali, Hindi, Norwegian, Polish, Russian, Simplified Chinese, Turkish and Ukrainian. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-197" id="x1-197000B.2.5">App Info Tab</a></h4>
<!--l. 101-->
<p class="noindent">More tags are added in the <a href="#x1-350002.2.2">app info tab</a> such as <span class="pplb8t-">KeyStore</span> (apps with KeyStore items), <span class="pplb8t-">Systemless app</span> (apps installed via Magisk), <span class="pplb8t-">Running</span> (apps that are running). For external apk, two more options are added namely <span class="pplb8t-">Reinstall</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">Downgrade</span>. Now it is possible to share an apk via Bluetooth. For system apps, it is possible to uninstall updates for root/ADB users. But like the similar option in the system settings, this operation will clear all app data. As stated above, exodus has been replaced with scanner. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-198" id="x1-198000B.2.6">Navigation Improvements</a></h4>
<!--l. 108-->
<p class="noindent">It’s now relatively easy to navigate to various UI components using keyboard. You can use up/down button to navigate between list items and tab button to navigate to UI components inside an item. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-199" id="x1-199000B.2.7">Running Apps Page</a></h4>
<!--l. 112-->
<p class="noindent">It is now possible to sort and filter processes in this tab. Also, the three big buttons are replaced with an easy-to-use three dot menu. Previously the memory usage was wrong which is fixed in this version. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-200" id="x1-200000B.2.8">Built-in Toybox</a></h4>
<!--l. 116-->
<p class="noindent">Toybox (an alternative to busybox) is bundled with AM. Although Android has this utility built-in from API 23, toybox is bundled in order to prevent buggy implementations and to support API &lt; 23. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-201" id="x1-201000B.2.9">Component Blocker Improvements</a></h4>
<!--l. 120-->
<p class="noindent">Component blocker seemed to be problematic in the previous version, especially when global component blocking is enabled. The issues are mostly fixed now.</p>
<div class="mdframed" id="mdframed-42"><!--l. 123-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplbi8t-">Caution.</span> The component blocking mechanism is no longer compatible with v2.5.6 due to various security issues. If you have this version, upgrade to v2.5.13 or earlier versions first. After that, enable <a href="#x1-860002.6.6.1">global component blocking</a> and disable it again.</p>

</div>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.10</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-202" id="x1-202000B.2.10">Improvements in the App Details Page</a></h4>
<!--l. 130-->
<p class="noindent">Value of various app ops depend on their parent app ops. Therefore, when you allow/deny an app op, the parent of the app op gets modified. This fixes the issues some users have been complaining regarding some app ops that couldn’t be changed. </p>
<p class="indent">If an app has the target API 23 or less, its permissions cannot be modified using the <span class="ectt-1000">pm grant</span> <span class="ectt-1000">…</span> command. Therefore, for such apps, option to toggle permission has been disabled. </p>
<p class="indent">The signature tab is improved to support localization. It also displays multiple checksums for a signature. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.2.11</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-203" id="x1-203000B.2.11">App Manifest</a></h4>
<!--l. 139-->
<p class="noindent">Manifest no longer crashes if the size of the manifest is too long. Generated manifest are now more accurate than before. </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-204" id="x1-204000B.3">v2.5.13 (348)</a></h3>
<!--l. 143-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-205" id="x1-205000B.3.1">Bundled App (Split APK)</a></h4>
<!--l. 144-->
<p class="noindent">Bundled app formats such as <span class="pplb8t-">apks</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">xapk</span> are now supported. You can install these apps using the regular installation buttons. For root and adb users, apps are installed using shell, and for non-root users, the platform default method is used. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-206000B.3.1" id="x1-206000B.3.1">Known Limitations</a></span></p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Currently <span class="pplri8t-">all</span> splits apks are installed. But this behaviour is going to change in the next release. If you only need a few splits instead of all, extract the <span class="pplb8t-">APKS</span> or <span class="pplb8t-">XAPK</span> file, and then, create a new zip file with your desired split apks and replace the <span class="pplb8t-">ZIP</span> extension with <span class="pplb8t-">APKS</span>. Now, open it with AM.</li>
<li class="itemize">There is no progress dialog to display the installation progress.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 156-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-207" id="x1-207000B.3.2">Direct Install Support</a></h4>
<!--l. 157-->
<p class="noindent">You can now install <span class="pplb8t-">APK</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">APKS</span> or <span class="pplb8t-">XAPK</span> directly from your favourite browser or file manager. For apps that need updates, a <span class="pplb8t-">What’s New</span> dialog is displayed showing the changes in the new version. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-208000B.3.2" id="x1-208000B.3.2">Known Limitations</a></span></p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Downgrade is not yet possible.</li>
<li class="itemize">There is no progress dialog to display the installation progress. If you cannot interact with the current page, wait until the installation is finished.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 167-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-209" id="x1-209000B.3.3">Remove All Blocking Rules</a></h4>
<!--l. 168-->
<p class="noindent">In the Settings page, a new option is added which can be used to remove all blocking rules configured within App Manager. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-210" id="x1-210000B.3.4">App Ops</a></h4>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">App Ops are now generated using a technique similar to AppOpsX. This should decrease the loading time significantly in the App Ops tab.</li>
<li class="itemize">In the App Ops tab, a menu item is added which can be used to list only active app ops without including the default app ops. The preference is saved in the shared preferences.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 178-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-211000B.3.4" id="x1-211000B.3.4">Known Limitation</a></span> Often the App Ops tab may not be responsive. If that’s the case, restart App Manager. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-212" id="x1-212000B.3.5">Enhanced ADB Support</a></h4>
<!--l. 181-->
<p class="noindent">ADB shell commands are now executed using a technique similar to AppOpsX (This is the <span class="pplri8t-">free</span> alternative of AppOps by Rikka.). This should dramatically increase the execution time. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-213000B.3.5" id="x1-213000B.3.5">Known Limitation</a></span> AM can often crash or become not responsive. If that’s the case, restart App Manager. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-214" id="x1-214000B.3.6">Filtering in Main Page</a></h4>
<!--l. 187-->
<p class="noindent">Add an option to filter apps that has at least one activity. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.7</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-215" id="x1-215000B.3.7">Apk Backup/Sharing</a></h4>
<!--l. 190-->
<p class="noindent">Apk files are now saved as <span class="ectt-1000">app name_version.extension</span> instead of <span class="ectt-1000">package.name.extension</span>. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.8</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-216" id="x1-216000B.3.8">Batch Ops</a></h4>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize">Added a foreground service to run batch operations. The result of the operation is displayed in a notification. If an operation has failed for some packages, clicking on the notification will open a dialog box listing the failed packages. There is also a <span class="pplb8t-">Try Again</span> button on the bottom which can be used to perform the operation again for the failed packages.</li>
<li class="itemize">Replaced Linux <span class="pplri8t-">kill</span> with <span class="pplb8t-">force-stop</span>.</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 200-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.9</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-217" id="x1-217000B.3.9">Translations</a></h4>
<!--l. 201-->
<p class="noindent">Added German and Portuguese (Brazilian) translations. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="paragraphHead"><a href="#x1-218000B.3.9" id="x1-218000B.3.9">Known Limitation</a></span> Not all translations are verified yet. </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">B.3.10</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-219" id="x1-219000B.3.10">App Data Backup</a></h4>
<!--l. 206-->
<p class="noindent">Install app only for the current user at the time of restoring backups. Support for split apks is also added. </p>
<p class="indent"><span class="pplri8t-">Data backup feature is now considered unstable. If you encounter any problem, please</span> <span class="pplri8t-">report to me without hesitation.</span> <a id="x1-219001r147"></a></p>
<h2 class="appendixHead"><span class="titlemark">Appendix C</span><br /> <a href="#QQ2-1-220" id="x1-220000C">App Ops</a></h2>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-221" id="x1-221000C.1">Background</a></h3>
<!--l. 3-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">App Ops</span> (short hand for <span class="pplb8t-">Application Operations</span>) are used by Android system (since Android 4.3) to control application permissions. The user <span class="pplri8t-">can</span> control some permissions, but only the permissions that are considered dangerous (and Google thinks knowing your phone number isn’t a dangerous thing). So, app ops seems to be the one we need if we want to install apps like Facebook and it’s Messenger (the latter literary records everything if you live outside the EU) and still want <span class="pplri8t-">some</span> privacy and/or security. Although certain features of app ops were available in Settings and later in hidden settings in older version of Android, it’s completely hidden in newer versions of Android and is continued to be kept hidden. Now, any app with <span class="pplb8t-">android.Manifest.permission.GET_APP_OPS_STATS</span> permission can get the app ops information for other applications but this permission is hidden from users and can only be enabled using ADB or root. Still, the app with this permission cannot grant or revoke permissions (actually mode of operation) for apps other than itself (with limited capacity, of course). To modify the ops of other app, the app needs <span class="pplb8t-">android.Manifest.permission.UPDATE_APP_OPS_STATS</span> permissions which isn’t accessible via <span class="ectt-1000">pm</span> command. So, you cannot grant it via root or ADB, the permission is only granted to the system apps. There are very few apps who support disabling permissions via app ops. The best one to my knowledge is <a href="https://github.com/8enet/AppOpsX">AppOpsX</a>. The main (visible) difference between my app (AppManager) and this app is that the latter also provides you the ability to revoke internet permissions (by writing ip tables). One crucial problem that I faced during the development of the app ops API is the lack of documentation in English language. </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-222" id="x1-222000C.2">Introduction to App Ops</a></h3>
<!--l. 22-->

<figure class="figure"><a id="x1-222001r0"></a> <!--l. 22-->
<p class="noindent"><img src="../images/appops.png" alt="PIC" style="width:83.44%" /></p>
<figcaption class="caption"><span class="id">Figure C.0:</span><span class="content">How app ops work</span></figcaption>
<!--tex4ht:label?: x1-222001r0 -->
<!--l. 27-->

</figure>
<!--l. 29-->
<p class="indent">Figure <a href="#x1-222001r0">C.0</a> describes the process of changing and processing permission. <a href="#x1-223000C.3">AppOpsManager</a> can be used to manage permissions in Settings app. <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span> is also useful in determining if a certain permission (or operation) is granted to the application. Most of the methods of <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span> are accessible to the user app but unlike a system app, it can only be used to check permissions for any app or for the app itself and start or terminating certain operations. Moreover, not all operations are actually accessible from this Java class. <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span> holds all the necessary constants such as <a href="#x1-224000C.3.1"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span></a>, <span class="ectt-1000">OPSTR_*</span>, <a href="#x1-225000C.3.2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span></a> which describes operation code, operation string and mode of operations respectively. It also holds necessary data structures such as <a href="#x1-226000C.3.3">PackageOps</a> and <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span>. <span class="pplb8t-">PackageOps</span> holds <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span> for a package, and <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span>, as the name suggests, describes each operation. </p>
<p class="indent"><span class="ectt-1000">AppOpService</span> is completely hidden from a user application but accessible to the system applications. As it can be seen in Figure <a href="#x1-222001r0">C.0</a>, this is the class that does the actual management stuff. It contains data structures such as <span class="pplb8t-">Ops</span> to store basic package info and <span class="pplb8t-">Op</span> which is similar to <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span> of <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span>. It also has <span class="pplb8t-">Shell</span> which is actually the source code of the <a href="#x1-231000C.6"><span class="pplri8t-">appops</span> command line tool</a>. It writes configurations to or read configurations from <a href="#x1-230000C.5"><span class="ectt-1000">/data/system/appops.xml</span></a>. System services calls <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsService</span> to find out what an application is allowed and what is not allowed to perform, and <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsService</span> determines these permissions by parsing <span class="ectt-1000">/data/system/appops.xml</span>. If no custom values are present in <span class="pplri8t-">appops.xml</span>, it returns the default mode available in <span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager</span>.</p>
<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-224" id="x1-223000C.3">AppOpsManager</a></h3>
<!--l. 51-->
<p class="noindent"><a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/core/java/android/app/AppOpsManager.java">AppOpsManager</a> stands for application operations manager. It consists of various constants and classes to modify app operations. </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplri8t-">See also:</span> <a href="https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/AppOpsManager"><span class="pplri8t-">AppOpsManager documentation</span></a> </p>

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.1</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-225" id="x1-224000C.3.1"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> Constants</a></h4>
<!--l. 57-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> are the integer constants starting from <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>. <span class="ectt-1000">OP_NONE</span> implies that no operations are specified whereas <span class="ectt-1000">_NUM_OP</span> denotes the number of operations defined in <span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> prefix. While they denote each operation, the operations are not necessarily unique. In fact, there are many operations that are actually a single operation denoted by multiple <span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> constant (possibly for future use). Vendors may define their own op based on their requirements. MIUI is one of the vendors who are known to do that. </p>
<p class="indent"><a id="x1-224031r1"></a></p>
<figure class="float">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb11"><a id="x1-224012r1"></a><span id="textcolor48"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor49"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor50"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor51"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_NONE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor52"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor53"><span class="ectt-1000">-</span></span><span id="textcolor54"><span class="ectt-1000">1</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224014r2"></a><span id="textcolor55"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor56"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor57"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor58"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_COARSE_LOCATION</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor59"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor60"><span class="ectt-1000">0</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224016r3"></a><span id="textcolor61"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor62"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor63"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor64"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_FINE_LOCATION</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor65"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor66"><span class="ectt-1000">1</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224018r4"></a><span id="textcolor67"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor68"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor69"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor70"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_GPS</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor71"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor72"><span class="ectt-1000">2</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224020r5"></a><span id="textcolor73"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor74"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor75"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor76"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_VIBRATE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor77"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor78"><span class="ectt-1000">3</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224022r6"></a><span class="ectt-1000">...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224024r7"></a><span id="textcolor79"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor80"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor81"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor82"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_READ_DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor83"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor84"><span class="ectt-1000">89</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224026r8"></a><span id="textcolor85"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor86"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor87"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor88"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_ACCESS_MEDIA_LOCATION</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor89"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor90"><span class="ectt-1000">90</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224028r9"></a><span id="textcolor91"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor92"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor93"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor94"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> OP_ACTIVATE_PLATFORM_VPN</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor95"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor96"><span class="ectt-1000">91</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-224030r10"></a><span id="textcolor97"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor98"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor99"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor100"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> _NUM_OP</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor101"><span class="ectt-1000">=</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor102"><span class="ectt-1000">92</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">;</span></div>
<figcaption class="caption"><span class="id">Listing 1:</span><span class="content">Sneak-peek of <span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span></span></figcaption>
<!--tex4ht:label?: x1-224031r1 --></figure>
<!--l. 80-->
<p class="indent">Whether an operation is unique is defined by <span class="ectt-1000">sOpToSwitch</span>. It maps each operation to another operation or to itself (if it’s a unique operation). For instance, <span class="ectt-1000">OP_FINE_LOCATION</span> and <span class="ectt-1000">OP_GPS</span> are mapped to <span class="ectt-1000">OP_COARSE_LOCATION</span>. </p>
<p class="indent">Each operation has a private name which are described by <span class="ectt-1000">sOpNames</span>. These names are usually the same names as the constants without the <span class="ectt-1000">OP_</span> prefix. Some operations have public names as well which are described by <span class="ectt-1000">sOpToString</span>. For instance, <span class="ectt-1000">OP_COARSE_LOCATION</span> has the public name <span class="pplb8t-">android:coarse_location</span>. </p>
<p class="indent">As a gradual process of moving permissions to app ops, there are already many permissions that are defined under some operations. These permissions are mapped in <span class="ectt-1000">sOpPerms</span>. For example, the permission <span class="pplb8t-">android.Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION</span> is mapped to <span class="ectt-1000">OP_COARSE_LOCATION</span>. Some operations may not have any associated permissions which have <span class="ectt-1000">null</span> values. 
</p>
<p class="indent">As described in the previous section, operations that are configured for an app are stored at <a href="#x1-230000C.5"><span class="ectt-1000">/data/system/appops.xml</span></a>. If an operation is not configured, then whether system will allow that operation is determined from <span class="ectt-1000">sOpDefaultMode</span>. It lists the <span class="pplri8t-">default mode</span> for each operation.</p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.2</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-227" id="x1-225000C.3.2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span> Constants</a></h4>
<!--l. 100-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span> constants also integer constants starting from <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>. These constants are assigned to each operation describing whether an app is authorised to perform that operation. These modes usually have associated names such as <span class="pplb8t-">allow</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ALLOWED</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">ignore</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_IGNORED</span>, <span class="pplb8t-">deny</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ERRORED</span> (a rather misnomer), <span class="pplb8t-">default</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_DEFAULT</span> and <span class="pplb8t-">foreground</span> for <span class="ectt-1000">MODE_FOREGROUND</span>. </p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<ol class="enumerate1">
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-225002x0"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ALLOWED</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> The app is allowed to perform the given operation</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-225004x1"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_IGNORED</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> The app is not allowed to perform the given operation, and any attempt to perform the operation should <span class="pplri8t-">silently fail</span>, i.e. it should not cause the app to crash</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-225006x2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ERRORED</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> The app is not allowed to perform the given operation, and this attempt should cause it to have a fatal error, typically a <span class="ectt-1000">SecurityException</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-225008x3"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_DEFAULT</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> The app should use its default security check, specified in <span class="ectt-1000">AppOpsManager</span></li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-225010x4"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_FOREGROUND</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> Special mode that means “allow only when app is in foreground.” This mode was added in Android 10</li>
<li class="enumerate" id="x1-225012x5"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_ASK</span><span class="pplb8t-">.</span> This is a custom mode used by MIUI whose uses are unknown.</li>
</ol>
<!--l. 118-->

<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.3</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-228" id="x1-226000C.3.3">PackageOps</a></h4>
<!--l. 119-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager.PackageOps</span> is a data structure to store all the <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span> for a package. In simple terms, it stores all the customised operations for a package. </p>
<p class="indent"><a id="x1-226019r2"></a></p>
<figure class="float">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb12"><a id="x1-226008r1"></a><span id="textcolor103"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor104"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor105"><span class="ectt-1000">class</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor106"><span class="ectt-1000">PackageOps</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor107"><span class="ectt-1000">implements</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> Parcelable</span><span class="ectt-1000"> {</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-226010r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor108"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor109"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> String</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mPackageName;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-226012r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor110"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor111"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor112"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> mUid;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-226014r4"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor113"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor114"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> List</span><span id="textcolor115"><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">OpEntry</span><span id="textcolor116"><span class="ectt-1000">&gt;</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> mEntries;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-226016r5"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-226018r6"></a><span class="ectt-1000">}</span></div>
<figcaption class="caption"><span class="id">Listing 2:</span><span class="content">Class <span class="ectt-1000">PackageOps</span></span></figcaption>
<!--tex4ht:label?: x1-226019r2 --></figure>
<!--l. 135-->
<p class="indent">As can be seen in Listing <a href="#x1-226019r2">2</a>, it stores all <span class="pplb8t-">OpEntry</span> for a package as well as the corresponding package name and its kernel user ID.</p>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-230" id="x1-227000C.3.4">OpEntry</a></h4>
<!--l. 139-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="pplb8t-">AppOpsManager.OpEntry</span> is a data structure that stores a single operation for any package. </p>
<p class="indent"><a id="x1-227034r3"></a></p>
<figure class="float">
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb13"><a id="x1-227013r1"></a><span id="textcolor117"><span class="ectt-1000">public</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor118"><span class="ectt-1000">static</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor119"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor120"><span class="ectt-1000">class</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor121"><span class="ectt-1000">OpEntry</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor122"><span class="ectt-1000">implements</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> Parcelable</span><span class="ectt-1000"> {</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227015r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor123"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor124"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor125"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> mOp;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227017r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor126"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor127"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor128"><span class="ectt-1000">boolean</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> mRunning;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227019r4"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor129"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor130"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor131"><span class="ectt-1000">@Mode</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor132"><span class="ectt-1000">int</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> mMode;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227021r5"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor133"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor134"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor135"><span class="ectt-1000">@Nullable</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> LongSparseLongArray</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mAccessTimes;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227023r6"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor136"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor137"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor138"><span class="ectt-1000">@Nullable</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> LongSparseLongArray</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mRejectTimes;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227025r7"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor139"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor140"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor141"><span class="ectt-1000">@Nullable</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> LongSparseLongArray</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mDurations;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227027r8"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor142"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor143"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor144"><span class="ectt-1000">@Nullable</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> LongSparseLongArray</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mProxyUids;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227029r9"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor145"><span class="ectt-1000">private</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor146"><span class="ectt-1000">final</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span id="textcolor147"><span class="ectt-1000">@Nullable</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> LongSparseArray</span><span id="textcolor148"><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;</span></span><span class="ectt-1000">String</span><span id="textcolor149"><span class="ectt-1000">&gt;</span></span><span class="ectt-1000"> mProxyPackageNames;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227031r10"></a><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> ...</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-227033r11"></a><span class="ectt-1000">}</span></div>
<figcaption class="caption"><span class="id">Listing 3:</span><span class="content">Class <span class="ectt-1000">OpEntry</span></span></figcaption>
<!--tex4ht:label?: x1-227034r3 --></figure>
<!--l. 158-->
<p class="indent">Here:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mOp</span>: Denotes one of the <a href="#x1-224000C.3.1"><span class="ectt-1000">OP_*</span> constants</a></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mRunning</span>: Whether the operation is in progress (i.e. the operation has started but not finished yet). Not all operations can be started or finished this way</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mMOde</span>: One of the <a href="#x1-225000C.3.2"><span class="ectt-1000">MODE_*</span> constants</a></li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mAccessTimes</span>: Stores all the available access times</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mRejectTimes</span>: Stores all the available reject times</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mDurations</span>: All available access durations, checking this with <span class="ectt-1000">mRunning</span> will tell you for how long the app is performing a certain app operation</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mProxyUids</span>: No documentation found</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">mProxyPackageNames:</span> No documentation found</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="subsectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.3.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-232" id="x1-228000C.3.5">Usage</a></h4>
<!--l. 173-->
<p class="noindent">TODO </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.4</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-233" id="x1-229000C.4">AppOpsService</a></h3>
<!--l. 176-->
<p class="noindent">TODO </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.5</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-234" id="x1-230000C.5">appops.xml</a></h3>
<!--l. 180-->
<p class="noindent">Latest <span class="ectt-1000">appops.xml</span> has the following format: (This DTD is made by me and by no means perfect, has compatibility issues.) </p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb14"><a id="x1-230002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!DOCTYPE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> app-ops</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230004r2"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230006r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ELEMENT</span><span class="ectt-1000"> app-ops</span><span class="ectt-1000"> (uid|pkg)*&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230008r4"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ATTLIST</span><span class="ectt-1000"> app-ops</span><span class="ectt-1000"> v</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230010r5"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230012r6"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ELEMENT</span><span class="ectt-1000"> uid</span><span class="ectt-1000"> (op)*&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230014r7"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ATTLIST</span><span class="ectt-1000"> uid</span><span class="ectt-1000"> n</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #REQUIRED&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230016r8"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230018r9"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ELEMENT</span><span class="ectt-1000"> pkg</span><span class="ectt-1000"> (uid)*&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230020r10"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ATTLIST</span><span class="ectt-1000"> pkg</span><span class="ectt-1000"> n</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #REQUIRED&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230022r11"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230024r12"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ELEMENT</span><span class="ectt-1000"> uid</span><span class="ectt-1000"> (op)*&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230026r13"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ATTLIST</span><span class="ectt-1000"> uid</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230028r14"></a><span class="ectt-1000">n</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #REQUIRED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230030r15"></a><span class="ectt-1000">p</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230032r16"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230034r17"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ELEMENT</span><span class="ectt-1000"> op</span><span class="ectt-1000"> (st)*&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230036r18"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ATTLIST</span><span class="ectt-1000"> op</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230038r19"></a><span class="ectt-1000">n</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #REQUIRED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230040r20"></a><span class="ectt-1000">m</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #REQUIRED&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230042r21"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230044r22"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ELEMENT</span><span class="ectt-1000"> st</span><span class="ectt-1000"> EMPTY&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230046r23"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;!ATTLIST</span><span class="ectt-1000"> st</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230048r24"></a><span class="ectt-1000">n</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #REQUIRED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230050r25"></a><span class="ectt-1000">t</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230052r26"></a><span class="ectt-1000">r</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230054r27"></a><span class="ectt-1000">d</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230056r28"></a><span class="ectt-1000">pp</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230058r29"></a><span class="ectt-1000">pu</span><span class="ectt-1000"> CDATA</span><span class="ectt-1000"> #IMPLIED&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230060r30"></a><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-230062r31"></a><span class="ectt-1000">]&gt;</span></div>
<!--l. 216-->
<p class="indent">The instruction below follows the exact order given above:</p>
<ul class="itemize1">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">app-ops</span>: The root element. It can contain any number of <span class="ectt-1000">pkg</span> or package <span class="ectt-1000">uid</span>
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">v</span>: (optional, integer) The version number (default: <span class="ectt-1000">NO_VERSION</span> or <span class="ectt-1000">-1</span>)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">pkg</span>: Stores package info. It can contain any number of <span class="ectt-1000">uid</span>
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">n</span>: (required, string) Name of the package</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize">Package <span class="ectt-1000">uid</span>: Stores package or packages info
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">n</span>: (required, integer) The user ID</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">uid</span>: The package user ID. It can contain any number of <span class="ectt-1000">op</span>
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">n</span>: (required, integer) The user ID</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">p</span>: (optional, boolean) Is the app is a private/system app</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">op</span>: The operation, can contain <span class="ectt-1000">st</span> or nothing at all
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">n</span>: (required, integer) The op name in integer, i.e. AppOpsManager.OP_*</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">m</span>: (required, integer) The op mode, i.e. AppOpsManager.MODE_*</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">st</span>: State of operation: whether the operation is accessed, rejected or running (not available on old versions)
<ul class="itemize2">
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">n</span>: (required, long) Key containing flags and uid</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">t</span>: (optional, long) Access time (default: <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">r</span>: (optional, long) Reject time (default: <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">d</span>: (optional, long) Access duration (default: <span class="ectt-1000">0</span>)</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">pp</span>: (optional, string) Proxy package name</li>
<li class="itemize"><span class="ectt-1000">pu</span>: (optional, integer) Proxy package uid</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<!--l. 256-->
<p class="indent">This definition can be found at <a href="https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/base/+/master/services/core/java/com/android/server/appop/AppOpsService.java">AppOpsService</a>. </p>

<h3 class="sectionHead"><span class="titlemark">C.6</span> <a href="#QQ2-1-235" id="x1-231000C.6">Command Line Interface</a></h3>
<!--l. 260-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="ectt-1000">appops</span> or <span class="ectt-1000">cmd appops</span> (on latest versions) can be accessible via ADB or root. This is an easier method to get or update any operation for a package (provided the package name is known). The help page of this command is self-explanatory: </p>
<p class="indent"></p>
<div class="fancyvrb" id="fancyvrb15"><a id="x1-231002r1"></a><span class="ectt-1000">AppOps</span><span class="ectt-1000"> service</span><span class="ectt-1000"> (appops)</span><span class="ectt-1000"> commands:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231004r2"></a><span class="ectt-1000">help</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231006r3"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Print</span><span class="ectt-1000"> this</span><span class="ectt-1000"> help</span><span class="ectt-1000"> text.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231008r4"></a><span class="ectt-1000">start</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [--user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;USER_ID&gt;]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;PACKAGE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> |</span><span class="ectt-1000"> UID&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;OP&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231010r5"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Starts</span><span class="ectt-1000"> a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> given</span><span class="ectt-1000"> operation</span><span class="ectt-1000"> for</span><span class="ectt-1000"> a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> particular</span><span class="ectt-1000"> application.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231012r6"></a><span class="ectt-1000">stop</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [--user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;USER_ID&gt;]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;PACKAGE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> |</span><span class="ectt-1000"> UID&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;OP&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231014r7"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Stops</span><span class="ectt-1000"> a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> given</span><span class="ectt-1000"> operation</span><span class="ectt-1000"> for</span><span class="ectt-1000"> a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> particular</span><span class="ectt-1000"> application.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231016r8"></a><span class="ectt-1000">set</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [--user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;USER_ID&gt;]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;[--uid]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> PACKAGE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> |</span><span class="ectt-1000"> UID&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;OP&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;MODE&gt;</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231018r9"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Set</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mode</span><span class="ectt-1000"> for</span><span class="ectt-1000"> a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> particular</span><span class="ectt-1000"> application</span><span class="ectt-1000"> and</span><span class="ectt-1000"> operation.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231020r10"></a><span class="ectt-1000">get</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [--user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;USER_ID&gt;]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;PACKAGE</span><span class="ectt-1000"> |</span><span class="ectt-1000"> UID&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [&lt;OP&gt;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231022r11"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Return</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mode</span><span class="ectt-1000"> for</span><span class="ectt-1000"> a</span><span class="ectt-1000"> particular</span><span class="ectt-1000"> application</span><span class="ectt-1000"> and</span><span class="ectt-1000"> optional</span><span class="ectt-1000"> operation.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231024r12"></a><span class="ectt-1000">query-op</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [--user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;USER_ID&gt;]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;OP&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [&lt;MODE&gt;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231026r13"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Print</span><span class="ectt-1000"> all</span><span class="ectt-1000"> packages</span><span class="ectt-1000"> that</span><span class="ectt-1000"> currently</span><span class="ectt-1000"> have</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> given</span><span class="ectt-1000"> op</span><span class="ectt-1000"> in</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> given</span><span class="ectt-1000"> mode.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231028r14"></a><span class="ectt-1000">reset</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [--user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> &lt;USER_ID&gt;]</span><span class="ectt-1000"> [&lt;PACKAGE&gt;]</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231030r15"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Reset</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> given</span><span class="ectt-1000"> application</span><span class="ectt-1000"> or</span><span class="ectt-1000"> all</span><span class="ectt-1000"> applications</span><span class="ectt-1000"> to</span><span class="ectt-1000"> default</span><span class="ectt-1000"> modes.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231032r16"></a><span class="ectt-1000">write-settings</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231034r17"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Immediately</span><span class="ectt-1000"> write</span><span class="ectt-1000"> pending</span><span class="ectt-1000"> changes</span><span class="ectt-1000"> to</span><span class="ectt-1000"> storage.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231036r18"></a><span class="ectt-1000">read-settings</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231038r19"></a><span class="ectt-1000">Read</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> last</span><span class="ectt-1000"> written</span><span class="ectt-1000"> settings,</span><span class="ectt-1000"> replacing</span><span class="ectt-1000"> current</span><span class="ectt-1000"> state</span><span class="ectt-1000"> in</span><span class="ectt-1000"> RAM.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231040r20"></a><span class="ectt-1000">options:</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231042r21"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;PACKAGE&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> an</span><span class="ectt-1000"> Android</span><span class="ectt-1000"> package</span><span class="ectt-1000"> name</span><span class="ectt-1000"> or</span><span class="ectt-1000"> its</span><span class="ectt-1000"> UID</span><span class="ectt-1000"> if</span><span class="ectt-1000"> prefixed</span><span class="ectt-1000"> by</span><span class="ectt-1000"> --uid</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231044r22"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;OP&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> an</span><span class="ectt-1000"> AppOps</span><span class="ectt-1000"> operation.</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231046r23"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;MODE&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> </span><span class="ectt-1000"> one</span><span class="ectt-1000"> of</span><span class="ectt-1000"> allow,</span><span class="ectt-1000"> ignore,</span><span class="ectt-1000"> deny,</span><span class="ectt-1000"> or</span><span class="ectt-1000"> default</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231048r24"></a><span class="ectt-1000">&lt;USER_ID&gt;</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> id</span><span class="ectt-1000"> under</span><span class="ectt-1000"> which</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> package</span><span class="ectt-1000"> is</span><span class="ectt-1000"> installed.</span><span class="ectt-1000"> If</span><span class="ectt-1000"> --user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> is</span><span class="ectt-1000"> not</span><br class="fancyvrb" /> <a id="x1-231050r25"></a><span class="ectt-1000">specified,</span><span class="ectt-1000"> the</span><span class="ectt-1000"> current</span><span class="ectt-1000"> user</span><span class="ectt-1000"> is</span><span class="ectt-1000"> assumed.</span></div>
</main>
<div class="footnotes"><!--l. 41-->
<p class="noindent"><span class="footnote-mark"><a href="#fn1x1-bk" id="fn1x1"><sup class="textsuperscript">1</sup></a></span><span class="pplr8t-x-x-80">For distributing stable releases only</span> </p>
<p class="noindent"><span class="footnote-mark"><a href="#fn2x1-bk" id="fn2x1"><sup class="textsuperscript">2</sup></a></span><span class="pplr8t-x-x-80">For distributing pre-releases only</span> </p>
<p class="indent"><span class="footnote-mark"><a href="#fn3x1-bk" id="fn3x1"><sup class="textsuperscript">3</sup></a></span><span class="pplr8t-x-x-80">You can also address me as “Muntashir Akon”</span></p>
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